The Deepest South: The United States, Brazil, and the African Slave Trade

Index

Index 323 Abbot, Joel, 62 Abbott, George, 143–144 Abolitionism: anti-abolitionist riot in New York City (1834), 172–173; Baquaqua and, 45; in Brazil, 12–13, 26, 161, 186, 199, 210, 244–245, 251; Brazil’s impact on Americans’ attitude toward, 105; California Gold Rush’s impact on, 13, 85–88, 95–98; in Great Britain, 7, 152, 237; in Haiti, 157; hostility toward, 173; in New York, 45; Spain and, 152, 154; in Texas, 284n74; Webb and, 172–173; Wise (Henry Alexander) on, 68 Abranches, Almeida and Co., 37 D’Abrantes, Marquis, 186 Ackerman, J. L., 95 Adams, John H., 83 Adams, John Quincy: on African Slave Trade, 20–21; Brazilian slave trade, 27–28; on Portugal, 21; Ray and, 21; on search/seizure of U.S.-flagged ships, 155; support for Latin American independence , 21; Wise (Henry Alexander) and, 67 Adams, Samuel, 96 Adamson, Thomas, 194 Africa: decline in proportion of world’s population, 4; nearness to Brazil, 17, 33–34; U.S. trade with, 144. See also East Africa; West Africa African Americans: emigration to Argentina , 249; emigration to Brazil, 248–250 African Labor Supply Association, 130 African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, 248, 251 African Slave Trade, 128–149; Adams (John Quincy) on, 20–21; American involvement in, 3, 8, 9, 10, 33–34, 53–65, 137–138, 148, 162–163, 198, 252; American Negroes involved in, 41–42; average number of slaves taken per year, 35; backers of, 16; branding of slaves, 42; Brazil in, 33–34; calls to reopen, 129–134, 151, 153; chief site of, 24; Civil War, influence on, 151–171; Civil War’s ending, 15; Confederate States of America (CSA), 153, 185; decline in Africa’s proportion of the world’s population, 4; deportation of American Negroes to the Amazon River basin as a substitute for, 121; diplomacy in the Western hemisphere, 151, 157–158; external forces’ effects on, 155, 157–158; federal laws prohibiting U.S. citizens from participating in, 3, 19, 130, 132, 134, 167, 287n48; free trade, 20; illicit trade in late 1850s, 128–149, 171; Jefferson and, 18; Maury (Matthew Fontaine) and, 114, 122; northward movement of, 146–147, 149; number of Africans shipped to Brazil, 2–3, 50, 53–54, 73; number of Africans shipped to the New World, 2, 256n3, 268n34; official closure of, 19; openness of, 38; participation by Confederate expatriates in Brazil, 205; peak period, 2–3, 8; Portugal and, 146, 223; price of slaves in Africa, 38, 129–131; profitability of, 35, 38, 46, 62, 137, 149, 273n7; prosecutions under slave trade acts, 54; provision of ships for, 3, 24, 34, 58, 79, 111, 280n34; Royal Navy’s effect on, 63–64; runaways, 45–46; in 1840s, 11; secessionists and, 4, 151, 153; switching flags, 36–37, 39, 62, 221, 274n27; African Slave Trade (continued) Thirteenth Amendment, 12–13; as a transnational business, 63; twin towers of, 155; violence in West Africa, 33; waxing and waning of, 155; between West Africa and South America, 62; whalers’ role, 9–10, 36–37, 47–48, 162; Wise (Henry Alexander) and, 108; Zanzibar in, 24 African Society (London), 20 African Squadron (U.S. Navy’s Anti-Slavery Squadron), 139–142; avoidance of Cabinda, 64; base, 10; chaplain to, 139; Conrad on, 139; CSA privateers, 162, 189–196; Cummings and, 140; Davis (Jefferson) and, 83; Douglass on, 35; in East Africa, 304n116; effectiveness, 10, 60, 139–141, 162; Lawrence and, 38; purpose, 34; size, 10, 20; slavers captured by, 34; Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842, 54; in West Africa, 304n116 Agassiz, Elizabeth, 233 Agassiz, Louis, 207, 233 “Agnes” (American ship), 36, 58, 74 Aguiar, Luis Henrique Ferreira, 77 “Alabama” (Confederate ship): in Bahia, 192; capture of the “Tuscaloosa,” 190; flying Portuguese flag to avoid capture by, 223; owner, 189 Alexander, Edward Porter, 208, 228–229 Amazon River: free navigation of, 107, 122. See also Deportation of American Negroes to the Amazon River basin AME (African Methodist Episcopal) Church, 248, 251 “Amelia” (American ship), 74 American Anti-Slavery Society, 173 American Colonization Society, 306n36 The Americas, slave population of, 3 Amory, Thomas, 17 Anglo-Brazilian Times (newspaper), 238 Anglo-Spanish treaty (1835), 3 Angola: Cummings in, 49–50; Cummings on, 140; Luanda (see Luanda, Angola); slave trading in, 20, 38, 132, 142, 143, 145–146, 148, 184, 260n52; wealth/prosperity in, 37 Angolans: in Brazil, 2; in Virginia, 19 Argentina: Buenos Aires (once Buenos Ayres), 103, 263n74; emigration of Blacks to, 249 Arnold, Benedict...