The United States of the United Races: A Utopian History of Racial Mixing

Notes

>> 229 Notes Notes to the Introduction 1. Maria P. P. Root, “A Bill of Rights for Racially Mixed People,” in The Multiracial Experience: Racial Borders as the New Frontier, ed. Maria P. P. Root (Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 1996). 2. Werner Sollors, Beyond Ethnicity: Consent and Descent in American Culture (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 41; see also Ursula Brumm, American Thought and Religious Typology (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1970), 27. 3. Michael Omi and Howard Winant, Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s, 2nd ed. (New York: Routledge, 1994), 55. 4. Ibid., 54. 5. Ibid., 60. 6. Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, White Supremacy and Racism in the Post–Civil Rights Era (Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 2001), 48. 7. A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., “The Ten Precepts of American Slavery Jurisprudence: Chief Justice Roger Taney’s Defense and Justice Thurgood Marshall’s Condemnation of the Precept of Black Inferiority,” Cardozo Law Review 17 (1996): 1695. 8. Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia (Boston: Lilly and Wait, 1832), 151. 9. J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur, Letters from an American Farmer; and, Sketches of Eighteenth-Century America, ed. Albert E. Stone (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1981), 69–70. 10. Brief of Plaintiff in Error, Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896), in Albion Winegar Tourgée, Undaunted Radical: The Selected Writings and Speeches of Albion W. Tourgée, ed. Mark Emory Elliott and John David Smith (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 2010), 303. 11. Jean Toomer, “Just Americans,” Time, March 28, 1932. 12. Robert Ezra Park and Ernest Watson Burgess, Introduction to the Science of Sociology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1921), 736. 13. Donna Jeanne Haraway, Modest_Witness@Second_Millennium.FemaleMan©_Meets_ OncoMouse™: Feminism and Technoscience (New York: Routledge, 1997); Mike Hill, After Whiteness: Unmaking an American Majority (New York: NYU Press, 2004); David R. Roediger, Colored White: Transcending the Racial Past, American Crossroads 10 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002). Notes to Chapter 1 1. Georges Louis Leclerc, Count de Buffon, Natural History, General and Particular, by the Count Buffon, trans. William Smellie (London: T. Cadell and W. Davies, 1812). 2. Thomas F. Gossett, Race: The History of an Idea in America, new ed., Race and American Culture (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997); George W. Stocking, 230 > 231 Green Shackelford, “William Short: Diplomat in Revolutionary France, 1785–1793,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 102, no. 6 (1958); George Green Shackelford, Jefferson’s Adoptive Son: The Life of William Short, 1759–1848 (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1993). 9. Ira Berlin and Leslie M. Harris, eds., Slavery in New York (New York: New Press, 2005); David Nathaniel Gellman, Emancipating New York: The Politics of Slavery and Freedom, 1777–1827, Antislavery, Abolition, and the Atlantic World (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 2006); Leslie M. Harris, In the Shadow of Slavery: African Americans in New York City, 1626–1863, Historical Studies of Urban America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003); Shane White, Somewhat More Independent: The End of Slavery in New York City, 1770–1810 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1991). 10. Bryce Traister, “Criminal Correspondence: Loyalism, Espionage and Crèvecoeur,” Early American Literature 37, no. 3 (2002). 11. David Carlson, “Farmer versus Lawyer: Crèvecoeur’s ‘Letters’ and the Liberal Subject ,” Early American Literature 38, no. 2 (2002): 270. 12. Doreen Alvarez Saar, “Crèvecoeur’s ‘Thoughts on Slavery’: Letters from an American Farmer and the Rhetoric of Whig Thought,” Early American Literature 22, no. 2 (1987): 195. 13. St. John de Crèvecoeur, Letters from an American Farmer, 166, 179. 14. Jeff Osborne, “American Antipathy and the Cruelties of Citizenship in Crèvecoeur’s Letters from an American Farmer,” Early American Literature 42, no. 3 (2007): 541. 15. Carlson, “Farmer versus Lawyer”; Osborne, “American Antipathy”; Norman A. Plotkin, “Saint-John de Crèvecoeur Rediscovered: Critic or Panegyrist?,” French Historical Studies 3, no. 3 (1964); Elayne Antler Rapping, “Theory and Experience in Crèvecoeur’s America,” American Quarterly 19, no. 4 (1967); Saar, “Crèvecoeur’s ‘Thoughts on Slavery.’” 16. Brumm, American Thought and Religious Typology, 27; Herbert David Croly, The Promise of American Life (New York: Macmillan, 1909); Eric Foner, The Story of American Freedom (New York: Norton, 1998); Gary Gerstle, American Crucible: Race and Nation in the Twentieth Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001); Philip Gleason, “The Melting Pot: Symbol of Fusion or Confusion?,” American Quarterly 16, no. 1 (1964); Milton Myron Gordon, Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion, and...