Brothers Gonna Work It Out: Sexual Politics in the Golden Age of Rap Nationalism

Index

Adofo, Baye, 154, 160, 161; Black August Hip-Hop Collective and, 163, 164 Afrika Bambaataa, 9, 71 Amerikkka’s Most Wanted (Ice Cube), 99, 100, 110 Apocalypse 91 . . . The Enemy Strikes Back (Public Enemy), 73,103 Arrested Development, 98, 158; “Fishin’ 4 Religion,” 127–128. See also Speech (Arrested Development ) Bambara, Toni Cade, 42, 171 Baraka, Amiri, 89; homophobia of, 35; on sexism in Black Power movement, 38, 39; on slavery, 46; on violent resistance, 44 Baraka, Ras, 65, 160, 161, 167; on education, 91–92; on generation gap, 71, 165 Black Arts movement, 44; influences raptivists, 80, 85, 90; similarities to hip-hop movement, 85, 86–89, 95 Black August Hip-Hop Collective, 153, 162–164 Blackman, Toni, 160, 167, 169 black nationalism: classical, 21–22, 33–34; crisis of masculinity and, 32–33, 37; cultural nationalism, 87, 90; defined, 18–19; discourse of war and, 43–44, 53; divine retribution in, 48, 131, 141–146; Ethiopianism and, 136–141, 142; feminists’ critique of, 24, 30, 42, 60, 115–116; gender politics in, 3, 30–66, 139, 142, 144, 169–171; hero worship in, 40, 62, 63, 65–66, 121; history of, 21–23; homophobia in, 32, 35, 38, 51; limitations of, 169–171; modern black nationalism, 22, 34–35; moral superiority and, 131–135; PanAfricanism and, 19; protonationalistic phase, 21; scholarship on, 15–17, 19–21, 23–24; sexual politics of, 32, 33–37, 38–39, 44–45, 51–53, 56–58; slavery and, 44–49, 50, 55–56, 58, 86, 93–94, 125, 129–130, 170; use of the Bible in, 50, 136–137, 138, 139–141; violent resistance and, 42–50, 58–59, 87, 135, 142, 170. See also rap nationalism Black Panther Party: gender politics of, 36, 37, 59, 61; influences raptivists , 74, 77, 80, 81; raptivists’ hero worship of, 62, 63, 85; role of women in, 54, 55, 60; sexual politics of, 36–37, 51–53, 56–58, 61 215 Index Black Power movement: critique of, 54, 90, 115–116; gender politics of, 42, 82; history of, 86–87; homophobia in, 32, 35, 38, 113; in- fluences raptivists, 63, 77, 80–81; “Moynihan Report” and, 35–36, 53–55; role of women in, 52, 55, 60, 111; sexual politics of, 32, 36–37, 38–39, 51–53, 56–58, 102, 115–116; similarities to hip-hop movement, 102–104, 107–108, 111, 113, 170 Black Thought (The Roots), 164 Blyden, Edward W., 19, 84 Boogie Down Productions: By All Means Necessary, 72, 82, 83, 84; Criminal Minded, 83; “The EyeOpener ,” 131–132; gender politics of, 64; hero-worship of Malcolm X, 81, 82; as pioneers of rap nationalism , 68, 72, 84; “Why is That?” 139–141, “You Must Learn,” 84, 92–93. See also KRSOne Boots Riley (The Coup), 149, 150–151 Brand Nubian, 84, 85, 128; hero-worship of Malcolm X, 81; homophobia of, 112. See also Grand Puba (Brand Nubian); Lord Jamar (Brand Nubian); Sadat X (Brand Nubian) Brother J (X-Clan), 85; defines nationalism , 13–14; homophobia of, 113 Brown, Elaine, 59, 61 Brown, H. Rap, 102 Butts, Calvin O., III, 69 By All Means Necessary (Boogie Down Productions), 72, 82, 83, 84 Carmichael, Stokely, 32, 85 Cary, Mary Ann Shadd, 24 Chuck D (Public Enemy), 3, 12, 86, 92; on black leadership, 156; on Christianity, 128; on Civil Rights movement, 70; on commodification of rap music, 5, 6, 79; on divine retribution, 144; on education, 91, 94, 95; on Farrakhan, 120, 145; on gangsta rap, 150; gender politics of, 63–64, 111; homophobia of, 113, 114; on marketing nationalism , 76, 79; political influences of, 80, 81, 85; on political rap music, 159; Public Enemy and, 73–78, 80; on public’s expectations of rappers, 155; public service of, 158; on revolution, 88 Civil Rights movement, 67, 71, 80, 86; homophobia in, 39; nationalists ’ critiques of, 47, 70, 87; sexism in, 39 Clash, The, 75 Cleage, Albert B., Jr., 50, 139, 148 Cleaver, Eldridge, 77, 104; gender politics of, 36, 42, 53, 56; homophobia of, 38, 51; sexual politics of, 36, 51–52, 57; on slavery, 45, 56; on violent resistance, 47 Cleaver, Kathleen, 60 Clemente, Rosa, 90, 158, 159–160, on sexism in hip-hop movement, 167–168 Committee for a Unified NewArk, 52, 60. See also Congress of African People Congress of African People: gender politics of, 38, 52, 55; role of women in, 52, 60 Cooper, Anna Julia, 24 Criminal Minded...