Bodies of War: World War I and the Politics of Commemoration in America, 1919-1933

Index

305 Accountability, government, 6, 9, 24 Adjusted Compensation bill, 169. See also Bonus Bill Adler, Cyrus, 125 African Americans, 8, 9, 133; and American Legion, 168, 180; anger at discrimination, 56; and Black Mammy 92; and Bolshevism , 168; and Civil War, 60–61, 93; contributions of, 72; and Gettysburg, 61; Gold star Mothers, 210, 212–215; and Grs, 53, 53–58, 212; and hypocrisy, 60, 145; lynchings , 58, 61; memorialization of, 144; and memory, 92, 93, 216; and motherhood, 216; mothers, 212; musicians, 130; and patriotism, 146; and Pershing, 34, 56, and pilgrimages, 208, 212–217; pilgrimage eligibility, 211; and pilgrimage segregation, 211; and race riots, 58; regiments, 144, 145, 154, 156; segregated graves, 61; and segregation, 209, 212; soldiers, 57, 59, 126; and spanish-American War 28, 61; terms of service, 60; veterans, 9, 34, 60, 93, 145, 168, 180, 209; voters, 209; widows, 212; women, 9, 93, 124–126; and Young Men’s Christian Association, 212 Air Force, U.s., 243 Alger, russell A., 27, 38 Ambivalence, postwar, 104, 163 “America China relief expedition of 1900” (Boxer rebellion), 107 American Armies and Battlefields in Europe: A Guide to the American Battlefields in Europe, 173, 182, 244 American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC), 5, 6, 8, 160, 161, 243; and commemoration , 160, 172, 239; conflicts with, 152–155, 175; control over monuments , 152, 153, 155, 156; costs of, 7, 154; creation of, 111; criticism of memorials, 162–163; and headstones, 123–126; leadership of, 111, 113–116, 119, 132; and memorials, 133, 134, 136–138, 140, 157; monument plan, 146, 148–149, 150, 151; and mothers, 226; numbers interred, 244; numbers missing in action, 244; records of, 242; and second World War, 243; and site selection, 146, 147, 157, 158 American expeditionary Forces (AeF), 19, 20, 34, 38, 73, 107, 112, 121, 127 American Field of Honor Association, 69, 70, 97, 98, 100 American Gold star Mothers of the World War, inc., 200 American Gold star Mothers, inc., 185 American government, 7, 25, 41, 60, 85, 104, 106, 118, 146, 156, 160, 170, 177, 191, 192, 227, 228, 241; and pilgrimages , 239. See also Congress; Legislation, pilgrimage American Legion, 8, 44, 88, 111, 123, 127; agenda of, 142, 169; and African Americans , 168, 182; Auxiliary, 180, 182, 231; behavior of, 180–182, 190; and British Legion, 188; and Burling, Mathilda, 198; events of, 169; and Gold star Mothers, 184; and legislation, 200; and lobbying, 169; and mothers, 196; Paris Convention , 170, 176, 177, 179–184, 189, 190, 192, 198; and membership, 168; and monuments, 138, 141, 142, 146, 160; and Nationalism, 167; and pilgrimages, 170, 185, 186; and pilgrimage legislation, 202; and politics, 169; role of, 69, 168–169, 177; and segregation, 145, 182; and states rights, 145, 168; and WMC, 122 American Legion Monthly, 161, 176, 178, 180 American Legion Weekly, 138 American Merchant, 213 index 306 Index American overseas Memorial Day Association , 127 American War Mothers, 185, 196, 197, 204, 205 American War Mothers Association. See American War Mothers Americanism, 168, 189 Americanization, 170, 197 Anti-repatriation efforts, 69 Anti-semitism, 125 Anzac Day, 186, 187 Archangel, 65–66, 91–93 Architecture, commemorative, 104, 181 Arlington Bridge, 154 Arlington National Cemetery, 14, 64, 80, 100, 101, 122, 126, 187, 243 Armistice, 37, 57, 64, 130, 140, 232; debates over, 142–143; observances, 170 Army, French, 154 Army, German, 144 Army, Union, 89 Army, U.s., 10, 16, 37, 53, 112; Adjutant General , 234; and Burling, Mathilda, 200; and grief, 230; Historical section, 108; inspector General, 224; interwar difficulties, 226; Medical Corps, 39, 51, 220, 221; and pilgrimages, 193, 218–229, 241; post-WWi, 104; professionalization of, 34; and public relations, 207; surgeon General, office of, 39, 51, 220, 221; and women, 196 Army, U.s., units; 1st, 159; Corps, Fifth, 134; Divisions , 1st, 86, 134, 135, 136, 137; 2d, 134; 3d, 134, 137, 163; 5th, 134, 138; 26th, 152; 27th, 45, 134, 136, 141, 155, 222, 223, 237; 28th, 149; 32d, 64; 33d 19; 37th, 154; 42d, 13, 153; 79th, 150, 154, 156; 80th 149; 90th Division, 232; 92d, 154; 93d, 144, 154, 155, 156, 158; regiments , Cavalry, 10th, 34; infantry, 16th, 86; 107th infantry, 45; 150th infantry, 23; 168th, 13; 311th, 64; 313th, 150; 314th, 150; 315th, 150, 159; 316th, 150, 159; 363d infantry, 77; 369th, 144, 145, 154; 370th, 144; 371st, 154; 372d, 154; 8th illinois, 144; engineers, 23d, 57; stevedore, 301st, 57; Battalion, Machine Gun, 124th, 19; Labor, 313th, 58; 322d, 55 Audenarde, 149 Australia...