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261 Index Ali, Noble Drew, 26–27, 140–54, 156–58, 161–65, 176–78; with American and Moorish flags, 150 (fig. 8); biography, 141–42; and black press, 153, 158–59; and DuBois, 139, 154; and McKay, 140, 169; and the middle passage, 148; and New Negro identity, 26, 140, 145, 156–57, 161–62 American Colonization Society, 164 American Language, The (Mencken), 180, 241–42n7 American Magazine, 195 American Renaissance, 114, 122 Arab: African links, 152–53, 168, 178; becoming, 62, 65, 187, 207; identity, 116, 201; image of, 1, 5, 10–11, 20, 34, 66, 136; literature, 6–11, 115–16, 123. 132, 219n 21; modernity, 2–4, 25, 56, 114, 119, 131–33; nationalism (pan-Arabism), 27–8, 180–87, 205–8; and New Negro identity politics, 139–78; poetry, 8, 113, 117–19, 123, 132–33, 157, 190, 202, 214; Spring, 214–15; tropes, 17, 21, 28, 31, 62–67, 76, 80, 86, 94, 196, 206 Arab American; assimilation,180, 183–91, 197, 208–10; immigration, 2, 11, 16–7, 26, 29, 179–90, 206–10; literature, 29, 190–210; Street Arab trope, 17, 179, 181–87 (185, fig. 9), 190, 195 Arab Writer in English: Arab Themes in a Metropolitan Language, 1908–1958, The (Nash), 243n32 Abraham, 9, 72, 78, 86 Abraham, Sameer and Nabeel, 180, 241n2 Abrahams, Roger, 223 Abrams, M. H., 133–34, 237nn49, 51 Abu Deeb, Kamal, 218nn12, 13 Abu Nuwas, 117–18 Abu Tammam, 117 Adab, 6, 123 Adams, John, 41,163, 164 Adams, John Quincy, 35, 223n7 Adams, Robert, 47, 239n13 Adonis, 2; and Arab modernity, 116–19, 132, 133; and badaha, 202; and i’raab, 58; “A Mirror for the Executioner,” 211, 212, 214 Al-Ghazali, Muhammad, 206, 207, 235n35; and Sufism,124–27, 130 Al-Jabbarti, Abd al-Rahman, 33, 34, 225n32; compared to Cathcart, 55–60 Al-Jahiz-, 202 Al-Jurjani, Abd al-Qahir, 7–10, 124, 207, 218n12, 219n22; and metaphor, 7–8, 124 Al-Munqidh min al-Dalal (al-Ghazzali), 124–25 Al-Tahtawi, Rifa’a Rafi’, 2–3, 25, 74, 114–16, 191, 226n34, 233n16, 234n17; and Arab modernity, 2, 25, 114–16 Alger, Horatio, Jr., 181–84 Algerine Captive, The (Tyler), 61, 66, 182 Alhambra, The (Irving), 236n39 Ali, Muhammad, 3, 23, 33, 90–92, 114, 229nn30, 35 262 Index Barbary, 19, 138, 140; captivity,1, 9, 18, 20–22, 31–69, 139, 176, 179, 182, 193; and Louisiana, 49–55; wars, 12, 14–5, 220n26 Barron, Samuel, 12 “Bartlbey the Scrivener” (Melville), 73, 101–3, 108 Battutah, Ibn, 2, 89, 107–8 Baudelaire, Charles, 117–18 Becoming American: The Early Arab Immigrant Experience (Naff), 181, 241n2 Bedouin, 12, 22, 74–75, 79, 81, 85, 89, 91, 93, 100, 106–8, 115, 119, 193–94, 201, 202, 228n19; archetype, 76–77, 184; and Indians, 23, 72–73, 82, 86–87, 90, 110, 205–6; as patriarchs, 72–73, 78, 80–88, 206; as figura,22–23, 76–79, 82, 88; poetry, 118 Benjamin, Walter, 235n29 Berlant, Lauren, 4 Bezels of Wisdom, The (Ibn Arabi), 128 Bhabha, Homi K., 6,77, 83, 219n21 Black Crescent (Gomez), 177 Blake; or, The Huts of America (Delany), 96–97, 230n44 Blithedale Romance, The (Hawthorne), 199, 243n45 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 32–33, 48–50, 56–60, 226n34 Book of Khalid, The (Rihani), 29, 190–98, 203–4, 208 Bookman, 195 Bourjaily, Vance, 208–10 Bowles, F. E., 153 Bradley, Eliza, 62–64 Buck-Morss, Susan, 224–25n21 Burckhardt, John Lewis, 78–79, 88, 100, 108, 230n53 Bush, George W., 214, 220n26 Cahan, Abraham, 196 Arabesque: aesthetic, 24–6, 30, 112, 171; design pattern, 18–19 (fig. 2), 25, 112, 119–21, 233n10; Poe and, 109–39; representation, viii–xi, 9, 16, 20, 22, 29, 61, 68, 139 Arabi, Ibn, 2, 25, 128–30, 134–35, 237n45 Arabian Peak and Desert: Travels in AlYaman (Rihani), 206 Arabic language, 7, 10, 12, 18, 25, 46–48, 133, 187, 190, 233n10; and Adonis, 132 33; and American arabesques, 15; and American identity, 188; and Cathcart, 35, 41, 44–45, 47–48; figural aspects, 60, 117; French use of, 57–59; modernization of, 3, 113–15; newspapers, 242nn22, 24; and Rihani, 191, 205; sacred capacities, 8, 133; violence of translation, 6 Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age (Hourani), 2–3, 114, 226n34 Arac, Jonathan, 234n23 Ar-rahman, Ibrahima Abdul (Prince), 163–64 Asabiyya, 13, 74–75 Asad, Talal, 111–12, 131 Asrar al-Balagha (al-Jurjani), 7, 218n12 Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The...