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>> 327 Eighth Army: and Chinese volunteers, 96; crosses 38th Parallel, 95; and Matthew Ridgway, 78; preparation of, 94, 101. See also Army basic training; training 24th Infantry Regiment, 109, 168–69, 171, 173, 176 38th Parallel, 95, 224 65th Infantry Regiment, 169, 173 Abreu, William, 61 absent without leave (AWOL), 58, 189, 253n36, 270n88 Acheson, Secretary of State Dean, 93 Adams, Clarence, 196 Adelmann, Walter, 156, 201 Afghanistan, 5 African American(s): and Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT), 18, 39; attitudes toward integration, 83–84, 174–75; attitudes toward Korean War service, 4, 36, 122, 163, 170, 172–73,196; and combat, 171; and courts martial in Korea, 26, 171–72; and disqualification from service, 241n204; and the draft, 36–37, 39; and enemy propaganda, 119, 196; and GI Bill, 190, 213; lynching of, 25, 172, 194; in National Guard, 174; as Navy Stewards, 174; northerners in the south, 54–55; as percent of the military, 49; postKorean War activism of veterans, 197, 223; prisoners of war, 152, 155; and racial quotas, 26, 49, 163–64n223; reasons for enlistment, 25–26; and refusal of repatriation, 178; reputation of as soldiers, 109, 168–69, 175, 223; and R.O.T.C., 27; veterans and economic success, 221; white attitudes toward, 83–84, 176–79, 193; and World War II, 169, 194. See also integration; segregation Aid to Dependent Children, 80 Airmen, from occupied Japan, 94, 98–99 alcohol: in the war zone, 128–29, 131; rations, 128, 274n153, use of by veterans, 201, 207 Alexander, Betty Jo, 7–9 Allen, James, 26 Allen, William, 188, 197 Almy, Frank, 185 American Battle Monuments Commission, 219, 222 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 259n147 American Legion, 193, 196, 201, 221 American Revolution, 23, 73, 79, 226 American Veterans Committee (AVC), 196 American Veterans of World War II (AMVETS ), 11 Anderson, Bill, 7–9 Anderson, Douglas, 22, 204 anti-war activism, 30 Appleton, James, 114 Armed Forces Reserve Bill, 78 Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT), 18, 38–39, 49 Army: number of wartime service personnel , 56; use of “green” troops, 57, 62; use of troops from occupied Japan, 19, 64, 94, 99 Army basic training, 56–64; criticism of, 61–63; positive evaluations and improvement, 64. See also basic training Army-Navy Nurse Act, 24 Arellano, David, 207 armistice, 98, 132, 140, 202, 222 Armistice Day, 219 ASCOM City, 101, 165 ASTRP program, 27 atomic weapons: as deterrence, 3, 12–13; as substitute for conventional warfare, 19 Bailey, Elmer, 23 Bailey, Lawrence, 149 Baken, Robert, 7–8, 185 Baldovi, Louis, 55 Ballenger, Richard, 22 Bamboo Prison, 2 barracks, 57–58, 71–72 Index 328 > 329 experience of, 107, 109, 115–16; fatigue (see posttraumatic stress disorder); pay, 216 combat rations (“c-rats”), 74, 100, 102–3, 118–19 communications in Korean War, 108 communism, 12, 14, 76, 92; China’s fall to, 93; containment of, 12, 14; expansion of, 8; as reason to enlist, 24; as reason to intervene in Korea, 93–94, 120–21 communist: aggression, 1; opposition to Korean War in the United States, 29; propaganda in the war zone, 119 Confederate: attire, uniforms reminiscent of, 85; flags in Korea, 26, 172–73 Congressional Medal of Honor, 108, 214 Connors, Joe, 22 conscientious objectors, 40 Coronet Films, 27 court martial: of African Americans in Korea, 26, 171–72; and avoidance of Korean War service, 279n272; of homosexuals, 72–73, 129; of prisoners of war, 127; of Puerto Ricans, 296n67 Craig Air Force Base, AL, 84 Crockett, Irwin, 198 Crumpacker, S. J. Jr., 127 Cumby, Bert, 149 Curtis, Richard, 207 Cutro, Ralph, xi, 66, 204 Dallas, Bill, 41 Dannenmaier, William, 7–8, 43, 198–99, 209 Davis, Charley, 202 Davis, Jack, 186 DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), 165, 209 Deacons for Defense and Justice, 197 DeAngelis, Anthony, 217 Dear John letters, 123 debriefing, lack of after Korean War, 185 Defebaugh, Scott, 32 Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services (DACOWITS), 28 DeGavre, Chester B., 169 Delcambre, Raymond, 29, 204 Dellinger, David, 30 DeMarco, Joe, 29 desegregation. see integration Desert Storm, 224, 226 desertion of soldiers in Korea, 109 DeVries, Harold, 131 Dick, Jim, 114 Dippe, Donald, 214 Dixon, Kenneth, 198 doctors: Doctors’ Draft (1950), 44; in Korea, 81; in the military, 81 Donaldson, Wallace, 32 draft, 7, 20; compared to Vietnam War, 37; and conscientious objectors, 40; deferments, 8, 39–45, 242n222, 243n233, 244n249; delinquency and evasion, 13, 29, 37–38, 40, 240n195; disqualification from, 241n204, 241n206; Doctors’ Draft, 43; and draftees, 13, 29, 36–45...

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