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Acknowledgments Two chapters of this book are based on earlier published versions : chapter 5 is based on research done for a co-authored piece by Joe Soss, Sanford F. Schram, Thomas P. Vartanian, and Erin O’Brien, “Setting the Terms of Relief: Explaining State Policy Choices in the Devolution Revolution ,” American Journal of Political Science 45 (April 2001): 378–95, chapter 7 is co-authored with Joe Soss and appeared in The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 577 (September 2001): 49–65. A number of people commented on selected chapters in this volume. I want to thank Randy Albelda, Bruce Baum, Jim Baumohl, Stephen Bronner , Sam Chambers, Rosalee Clawson, Gary Delgado, Lisa Disch, Hilary Evans, Jenrose Fitzgerald, Richard Fording, Martin Gilens, Marissa Golden, Jack Gunnell, Ken Hoover, Jeffrey Isaac, Nancy Kirby, Steven Levine, Judie McCoyd, Connie McSherry, Carolyn Needleman, Phil Neisser, Ken Neubeck, Mary Osirim, Dave Osten, Joe Peschek, Frances Fox Piven, Adolph Reed, Brian Richardson, Marc Ross, Anne Sisson Runyan, Ryan Schram, Corey Shdaimah, Roland Stahl, Clay Steinman, Michael Tratner, Tom Vartanian, Ann Withorn, and Maureen Whitebrook. Hilary Evans’s close and insightful reading of chapter 2 is also very much appreciated. Nancy Campbell, Ira Katznelson, Joe Soss, and Carl Swidorski read all the chapters and commented trenchantly on the manuscript as a whole. I also want to thank Joe for giving me permission to include our co-authored article as chapter 7. My collaboration with Joe goes well beyond this one piece and I have benefited greatly from working with such a thoughtful and skilled writer. The surplus benefits of this collaboration are reflected in all the chapters since Joe’s critical readings of each led me to make significant improvements in all of them. I want to make a special note of thanks to Brianne Wolfe for her meticulous and thoughtful editing of my chapter drafts. A top-notch wordsmith, xi Briney is also an intelligent critic of social commentary—the perfect combination for this project. I also thank Tom Vartanian for providing carefully done calculations on the racial composition of families receiving welfare . I very much appreciate the excellent clerical assistance provided by Vicki Gerstenfeld and Lisa Kolonay. At New York University Press, Stephen Magro oversaw the completion of the book with skill and finesse, and Despina Gimbel managed its production with her usual meticulousness and style. I thank them both. At home, Joan and Jack Schram provided additional reflections that helped keep this book project moving along. I thank them for putting up with the inconveniences caused by my efforts to bring the project to conclusion. While these incidents were not unusual, they did grow in number in the closing stages. We are all glad that’s over. Finally, this book would not have been possible without the inspiration of Frances Fox Piven and Richard Cloward. Their work and life, as scholars and activists, individually and together right up until Richard’s passing in 2001, have served as a testament to the hope that we all can make a difference . I dedicate this book to them. xii | Acknowledgmemts ...

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