Yankee Town, Southern City: Race and Class Relations in Civil War Lynchburg

Notes

Notes N O T E S T O T H E I N T R O D U C T I O N i. Rober t C Kenzer, Kinship and Neighborhood in a Southern Community: Orange County', North Carolina, 1849-1881 (Knoxville : Universit y o f Tennesse e Press , 1987); Paul D. Escott, Many Excellent People: Power and Privilege in North Carolina, 1850-1900 (Chape l Hill: University of North Carolin a Press, 1985) ; Jonathan M . Wiener, Social Origins of the New South: Alabama, 1860-188 '5 (Bato n Rouge : Louisiana Stat e University Press, 1978). 2. Michae l Wayne , The Reshaping of Plantation Society: The Natchez District, 1860-1880 (Bato n Rouge : Louisian a Stat e Universit y Press , 1983) ; Stephe n V . Ash, Middle Tennessee Society Transformed, 1860-1870: War and Peace in the Upper South (Baton Rouge : Louisiana Stat e Universit y Press , 1988) ; Steven Hahn , The Roots of Southern Populism: Yeoman Farmers and the Transformation of the Georgia Upcountry, 1850-1890 (Ne w York : Oxfor d Universit y Press , 1983) ; Wayn e K . Durrill, War of Another Kind: A Southern Community in the Great Rebellion (Ne w York: Oxford University Press, 1990); J. William Harris, Plain Folk and Gentry in a Slave Society: White Liberty and Black Slavery in Augustas Hinterlands (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1985). 3. See , especially , C Van n Woodward , "Strange Career Critics: Lon g Ma y They Persevere, " Journal of American History 7 5 (1988) : 864 . Other s tha t argu e who race relations were largely determined b y elites include Joel Williamson, The Crucible of Race: Black-White Relations in the American South since Emancipation (New York : Oxfor d Universit y Press , 1984) ; J. Morga n Kousser , The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910 (Ne w Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1974) ; John W. Cell, The 2 75 2j6 • Notes to Chapter One Highest Stage of White Supremacy: The Origins of Segregation in South Africa and the American South (Cambridge : Cambridg e Universit y Press , 1982) ; Howar d N . Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (Urbana : Universit y of Illinois Press, 1980). 4. i86 0 Census , Population Schedul e manuscript microfilm, Lynchburg , Vir ginia . Thes e statistica l ratio s ar e fairl y simila r t o othe r citie s an d town s i n th e Upper South . Se e the following fo r demographi c comparisons : Suzanne Gehrin g Schnittman, "Slaver y in Virginia's Urba n Tobacc o Industry , 1840-1860 " (Ph.D . diss., Universit y o f Rochester , 1986) , 21-67 ; Richar d C . Wade , Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (Ne w York : Oxfor d Universit y Press , 1964) , 3-27 ; Ira Berlin and Herbert Gutman , "Native s and Immigrants, Free Men an d Slaves : Urban Workingme n i n th e Antebellu m America n South, " American Historical Review 88 (1983): 75-1200. 5. Woodward , ^Strange Career Critics," 857-61. 6. Wade , Slavery in the Cities; Claudia Dal e Goldin , Urban Slavery in the American South, 1820-1860: A Quantitative History (Chicago: University o f Chi cago Press, 1976) ; David Goldfield , "Th e Urba n South : A Regional Framework, " American Historical Review 86 (1981): 1009-34. 7. Rabinowitz , Race Relations; Pete r J. Rachleff , Black Labor in the South: Richmond , Virginia, 1865-1890 (Philadelphia : Temple University Press, 1984); Edward L. Ayers , Vengeance and Justice: Crime and Punishment in the Nineteenth Century American South (New York: Oxford Universit y Press, 1984) , 76. N O T E S T O C H A P T E R O N E i. Josep h Clark e Robert , The Tobacco Kingdom: Plantation, Market, and Factory in Virginia and North Carolina, 1800-1860 (Durham , N.C.: Duke University Press, 1938), 72-74, 80-82; Joseph Clark e Robert , The Story of Tobacco in America (Ne w York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1949) , 67-71, 187-88 ; W. Asbury Christian, Lynchburg and Its People (Lynchburg, Va. : J . P . Bell , 1900) , 103 ; Ann e Royall , Mrs. Roy alls Southern Tour or Second Series of the Black Book, vol . 2 (Washington, D.C. , 1839) , 100; Lynchburg Virginian, 30 August 1858 ; 29 July 1865. 2. Robert , Tobacco Kingdom, 182; S. Allen Chambers , Jr., Lynchburg: An Architectural History (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1981) , 30-32, 86, 87; Suzanne Gehrin g Schnittman , "Slaver y i n Virginia' s Urba n Tobacc o Industry , 1840-1860" (Ph...