Yankee Town, Southern City: Race and Class Relations in Civil War Lynchburg

Appendixes

Appendixes Occupation Categories forAnalysis of the i860 and 1870 Manuscript Censuses Assigning occupational categorie s i s an arbitrar y an d ofte n tortuou s task . In thi s study, I have relied o n Stephe n Ash's categorization o f occupations, making onl y minor changes to fit Lynchburg's urban setting . Professional or proprietor: apothecary, banker, broker, clergyman, coal dealer, dentist, engineer, hotelkeeper, insuranc e agent, lawyer, manufacturer, mer chant , newspape r editor , physician , professor , storekeeper , tobacc o in spector . Minor professional: baggag e master , ban k clerk , barkeep , boardinghous e keeper, bookkeeper , cit y employee , clerk , expres s agent , huckster , mai l agent, peddler, policeman, railroad agent, salesman, schoolteacher . Skilled: baker, barber, blacksmith, bookbinder, butcher, cigarmaker, confec tioner , cooper , enginee r o n railroad , foreman , gunsmith , harnessmaker , leather finisher, machinist, marble cutter, mechanic, miller, molder, photographer , plumber , printer , saddler , shoemaker , silversmith , tailor , tanner , telegraph operator, tinner, wagonmaker . Skilled building trades: bricklayer , cabinetmaker , carpenter , mason , painter , plasterer, stonecutter . Unskilled: boatman , cook , factor y laborer , foundr y worker , gardener , hac k driver, messenger, porter, sexton, wagon driver, waiter, whitewasher. 2 57 258 • Appendixes Unskilled clothing trades: mantuamaker, milliner, seamstress. Unskilled day laborer: day laborer, laborer. Unskilled tobacco factory worker: tobacco factory laborer . Tables TABLE I I I Lynchburg by Race, Gender, and Status, i860 Race White Free Black Slave TOTAL Male 1,970 154 1,524 3,648 Female 1,832 203 1,170 3,205 T 3,802 357 2,694 6,853 SOURCE: Dat a from th e U.S. Bureau o f the Census, Population of the United States in i860 (Washington , D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1864) . NOTE: Publishe d report s i n i86 0 censu s di d no t includ e eithe r plac e o f birth o r ethnicity a s variables fo r Lynchburg. Fo r Campbell County , o f which Lynchburg wa s then a part , th e foreig n populatio n wa s 416 males an d 241 females. Probably most of these lived in or near Lynchburg . TABLE 1: 2 Occupation Groups by Race, i860 Occupation Group Tobacconist Professional or Proprietor Minor Professiona l Grocer Proprietor, skille d Proprietor, skilled—building trade s Proprietor, seamstres s Skilled Skilled, building trades Unskilled, clothin g Unskilled, tobacco factor y Unskilled, labo r Other Unskille d Unclassified Unknown Other TOTAL White 67 216 263 62 31 9 6 230 139 155 45 100 71 47 24 36 1,501 Black 0 0 1 1 4 0 0 17 8 7 73 27 51 16 0 2 207 SOURCE: Dat a from Manuscrip t of Population Schedul e microfilm, Lynchburg , Virginia , i860 . Appendixes • 25 9 Occupation Occupation Group Tobacconist Professional o r proprietor Minor Professiona l Grocer Proprietor, skille d Proprietor, skilled—building trade s Proprietor, seamstres s Skilled Skilled, building trades Unskilled, clothin g Unskilled, tobacco factor y Unskilled, labo r Other Unskille d Unclassified Unknown Other TOTAL TABLE 1:3 Groups by Place Virginia 66 167 232 34 23 9 4 159 125 145 117 16 103 58 19 37 1,374 Other South 1 8 6 2 2 0 0 10 5 4 1 0 2 1 0 0 42 of Birth North 0 18 7 0 1 0 1 25 7 6 0 4 3 0 0 1 73 Ireland 0 7 7 2 1 0 0 18 5 5 0 45 11 1 2 0 125 Germany 0 13 8 32 2 0 1 14 3 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 48 Other Europe 0 3 2 2 5 0 0 10 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 16 SOURCE: Dat a from Manuscript of Population Schedule microfilm, Lynchburg, Virginia, i860 . TABLE 1: 4 Slave Artisans, i860 Occupation of owner baker barber blacksmith cabinetmaker carpenter confectioner jeweler master builder master maso n plasterer shoemaker stonecutter stone mason tinker wheelwright TOTAL N 1 2 1 4 4 10 6 41 SOURCE: Dat a from Manuscript of Population Schedul e microfilm , Lynchburg , Virginia, i860 ; Manuscrip t o f Slav e Schedule microfilm , Lynchburg , Vir ginia , i860 . 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 i6o • Appendixes TABLE 1: 5 Unskilled Laborers by Race, Placeof Birth, and Gender, i860 Clothing Tobacc o Da y Labor Othe r Place of birth Ireland Other Europ e Northern U.S. South U.S. White South U.S. Black TOTAL M 1 0 0...