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234 Rod K. Brunson neighborhood context of racial differences”; Tyler and Wakslak, “Profiling and police legitimacy : Procedural justice, attributions of motive, and acceptance of police authority”; Weitzer, “Racializing policing: Residents’ perceptions in three neighborhoods”; Weitzer and Tuch, “Race, class, and perceptions of discrimination by the police”; Weitzer and Tuch, “Perceptions of racial profiling: Race, class, and personal experience.” 11. Sampson and Bartusch, “Legal cynicism and (subcultural?) tolerance of deviance: The neighborhood context of racial differences.” 12. Anderson, Code of the street: Decency, violence, and the moral life of the inner city. 13. Sampson and Bartusch, “Legal cynicism and (subcultural?) tolerance of deviance: The neighborhood context of racial differences”; Hagan and Albonetti, “Race, class, and the perception of criminal injustice in America”; Weitzer and Tuch, “Race, class, and perceptions of discrimination by the police.” 14. Bass, “Policing space, policing race: Social control imperatives and police discretionary decisions”; Meehan and Ponder, “Race and place: The ecology of racial profiling African American motorists”; Phillips and Smith, “Police violence occasioning citizen complaint: An empirical analysis of time-space dynamics.” 15. Browning et al., “Race and getting hassled by the police: A research note”; Fagan and Davies, “Street stops and broken windows: Terry, race, and disorder in New York City”; Hurst et al., “The attitudes of juveniles toward the police: A comparison of black and white youth”; Jones-Brown, “Debunking the myth of Officer Friendly: How African American males experience community policing”; Kennedy, Race, crime, and the law; Weitzer, “Citizen perceptions of police misconduct: Race and neighborhood context.” 16. Mastrofski et al., “Police disrespect toward the public: An encounter-based analysis”; Weitzer, “Citizen perceptions of police misconduct: Race and neighborhood context.” 17. Smith and Visher, “Street-level justice: Situational determinants of police arrest decisions .” 18. Jacobs and O’Brien, “The determinants of deadly force: A structural analysis of police violence”; Smith and Holmes, “Community accountability, minority threat, and police brutality : An examination of civil rights criminal complaints”; Terrill et al., “Police culture and coercion ”; Terrill and Reisig, “Neighborhood context and police use of force”; Weitzer, “Citizen perceptions of police misconduct: Race and neighborhood context”; Worden, “The causes of police brutality: Theory and evidence on police use of force.” 19. Kane, “The social ecology of police misconduct.” 20. Anderson, Streetwise: Race, class, and change in an urban community; Klinger, “Negotiating order in patrol work: An ecological theory of police response to deviance”; Smith and Klein, “Police control of interpersonal disputes.” 21. Brunson and Miller, “Young black men and urban policing in the United States,” “Gender , race, and urban policing: The experience of African American youths”; Hurst et al., “The attitudes of juveniles toward the police: A comparison of black and white youth”; Weitzer and Brunson, “Strategic responses to the police among inner-city youth.” 22. Miller, One of the guys: Girls, gangs, and gender; Getting played: African American girls, urban inequality, and gendered violence. 23. Orbuch, “People’s accounts count: The sociology of accounts,” p. 455. 24. Phillips and Bowling, “Racism, ethnicity, and criminology: Developing minority perspectives .” 25. The complete findings were published in Brunson, “‘Police don’t like Black people’: African American young men’s accumulated police experiences.” 26. A primary focus of the larger project, however, is violence against women, and there- Beyond Stop Rates 235 fore it includes interviews with thirty-five female study participants. For more on the study methodology and data collection process, see Miller, Getting played: African American girls, urban inequality, and gendered violence. 27. Pseudonyms are used throughout the paper, both for young men and for the streets they occasionally name. 28. Hurst et al., “The attitudes of juveniles toward the police: A comparison of black and white youth.” 29. Taylor et al., “Coppin’ an attitude: Attitudinal differences among juveniles toward the police,” p. 302. 30. Taylor et al., “Coppin’ an attitude: Attitudinal differences among juveniles toward the police”; Hurst et al., “The attitudes of juveniles toward the police: A comparison of black and white youth.” 31. Fine et al., “‘Anything can happen with police around’: Urban youth evaluate strategies of surveillance in public places”; Leiber et al., “Explaining juveniles’ attitudes toward the police ”; Snyder and Sickmund, Juvenile offenders and victims: A national report. 32. To ensure anonymity, young men’s addresses were not solicited; instead, they were asked to provide the names of two cross streets near where they lived. Data presented in table 9.1 comes from census block data from these cross streets. Thus it is not a precise measure, but it does provide a rough...

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