Citizens of Asian America: Democracy and Race during the Cold War

Index

261 Acheson, Dean, 2 ACLU, 41 activism: and housing segregation, 24; interracial, 16, 23–24, 57; U.S. suppression of, 19, 117 Aiso, John, 106, 115 Alien Land Law (1913), 1 Alien Land Laws (CA), 1, 25, 213n6; Oyama v. State of California, 213n7 Alien Registration Act (1940), 124, 125 All People’s Christian Church and Community Center, 41, 217n56 Amer, Tommy, 21–22, 30, 31, 35, 37 fig. 1.2, 38 fig. 1.3; court case of, 43–44, 46, 47–48, 55; restrictive covenant of, 28; Supreme Court case, 21–24, 217n57. See also restrictive covenants American Association for the United Nations, 52, 219n93 American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born, 119, 126 Americanization, 117; of Chinese Americans, 70, 72; and suburbanization , 58–59, 62 American Homes Development Company , 82 American National Exhibition (Moscow ), 62, 202 American Youth for Democracy, 41 anticommunism, 124; activists, surveillance of, 117; and 1950 McCarran Act, 125 Anti-Communist League of the Six Companies, 168–69 antiracism, as communist ploy, 120, 121, 124 Armendariz, Albert Sr., 86, 87 Asian American firsts: diversity, as appearance of, 113; double bind of, 108–9; stories of, 89–90, 93–94, 106, 114. See also Asian Americans; culture of the first Asian Americans: and Asians, 10; assimilability of, 84; assimilation of, 4–5, 17–18, 58, 79–80; and blacks, 15, 55, 65, 153; black-white schema, position in, 8–10, 42–43, 75; and Cold War, 3; firsts, 89–90, 93–94, 106, 108–9; 113–14; as foreigners-within, 3, 6, 8, 10, 48, 64–65, 192, 193, 210n6; as model minority, 88; as nonwhite exceptions, 65–66; as nonwhites, 84; politics, suppression of, 192–93; racial ambiguity of, 31; as racial anomaly , 25; racial formation of, 3, 5, 10, 13, 14, 18, 20, 192; racialization of, 8, 12–13, 15, 64, 153; as storytellers of democracy, 93–95; and U.S. foreign policy, 88. See also Chinese Americans ; Korean Americans assimilation, 44; of Asian Americans, 4–5, 17–18, 58, 79–80; of blacks, 63; and education, 65–66; and family, 69, 78; as ideological construct, 12, 87; and integration, 79; and segregation , 17–18; in Sheng case, 59, 74, 78–79; and social mobility, 62; and suburbanization, 59; Index 262 Index assimilation (cont’d): and Where Shall We Live?, 64; and Jade Snow Wong, 99, 102 Avila, Eric, 57 Barrows v. Jackson, 220n98 Barthes, Roland, 198–99 Bass, Charlotta, 54–55 Belknap, Michal, 14–15, 120 Bernstein, Shana, 42 blacks, U.S.: as “almost Americans,” 62–63; as archetype of race, 8–10, 23, 48–49, 51, 54; assimilation of, 63; and Cold War, 8; and communism, 121, 122–23 black-white divide, 23–24, 25; Asian American positioning in, 8–10, 42– 43, 75; legal reinforcement of, 51; white v. non-white, 52–53 Bow, Leslie, 9–10, 25 Branton, Leo, 122–23, 228n14 Brewer, Jan, 207 Brooks, Charlotte, 16–17 Brown, Edmund G. “Pat,” 88, 105, 111 Brown v. Board of Education, 7 California Constitution, 26, 213n5 Carlisle, Harry, 127 Carlson, Frank, 127 Carter, Oliver J., 183 Chen, Wen-Hui Chung, 42 Chernin, Rose, 126 Chiang Kai-shek, 151, 156, 172 Chin, Frank, 97 Chin, Gabriel, 16, 153 China (People’s Republic of China): America, 1905 boycott of, 150; communist revolution in, 3, 4, 210n7; gender in, 102–5; involvement in Korean War, 153–54, 161; and favorable treatment of overseas Chinese, 166; refugees from, 238n88; remittances to, 161; and United Nations, 157, 162. See also Taiwan China Daily News, 237n77 China Daily News, Inc., 170–71 China Mail, 184–85 Chinatowns, 58; decline of, 66, 68, 69– 70, 155; in Fifth Chinese Daughter, 97, 101–2; in Life, 72 Chinese American Citizens Alliance (CACA), 151, 157, 186–87, 188, 243n152; and family unification, 174–76; government surveillance of, 158; 1957 convention, 187; unlawful search and seizure of, 159 Chinese American Democratic Youth League, 158 Chinese Americans: Americanization of, 70, 72; assimilability of, 59, 67; assimilation of, 66, 71, 155; and communism, 192; and communist revolution, 17; demographics, 70, 71; family, reformation of, 66–67; as foreign, 150; as foreigners-within, 150; government surveillance of, 4, 19, 158; immigration reform, 149; internment, fear of, 153–55, 210n7; and KMT, 159, 236n75; in Los Angeles , 34; national allegiance of, 154– 55, 155–56, 157; political persecution of, 15; suburbanization of, 58– 59, 73; urban migration of, 215n30; whites, compared to, 65; and World War II, 11 Chinese Communist Party (CCP), 158, 160...