Kids, Cops, and Confessions: Inside the Interrogation Room

Index

333 INDEX Adjudicative competence, 35, 45, 47, 54–56, 90. See also Competence; Developmental psychology; Juveniles, generally Admissions, 9, 104, 145, 146, 154 American Bar Association, 255 American Psychological Association, 47, 260 Adversary system, 3–5, 5–6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 18–19, 33, 40, 89, 166, 246, 247, 249, 254, 267, 268; controlling state power, 4, 5, 6, 14, 16, 18–19, 21, 39, 166, 237, 250, 254, 268; equality, 12, 20, 21, 38–39, 251, 255, 268; and Fifth Amendment , 4, 18–19, 38–39, 249, 255; goals of, 18–19, 166, 228; within interrogation rooms, 20, 89, 246, 248; and juvenile court, 1, 38–39, 40; and plea bargaining, 13–14, 169; protection of legal rights, 4, 228, 237, 247; values of, 4, 18–19, 228. See also Confessions; Fifth Amendment; Inquisitorial system; Miranda v. Arizona Appellate courts, 3, 16, 17, 43, 48 Appropriate adult, 29, 32. See also Parental presence Attitude. See Juveniles interrogated Attorneys. See Defense attorneys Autonomy, 4, 13, 14, 18–19, 38, 40, 229, 237, 268 Behavioral Analysis Interview (BAI), 26, 110, 120–21, 140, 234, 278; unsubstantiated scientific validity, 26, 120, 232 Beer burglary, 186–87 Berghuis, v. Thompkins, 22, 58, 89, 93, 97, 249 Bishop, Donna, 211 Bittner, Egon, 179 Breed v. Jones, 2, 39 Bull, Ray, 28, 32, 257 Case-processing, 7, 9, 166, 170–76, 222; charge reduction, 170–72; impact of Miranda waivers on, 8, 9, 166, 170–76 Cassell, Paul, 31, 156 Chavez v. Martinez, 162 Children. See Juveniles, generally Cicourel, Aaron, 103, 104 Classification error, 10, 231, 232–34, 236, 238, 243, 244, 246, 257, 260 Coerced confessions, 5, 14, 15, 17, 155, 233, 234– 35, 256, 258. See also Voluntary confessions Coercion error, 232 Coercive interrogation, 5, 7, 232, 233, 234, 235; Brown v. Mississippi, 289n13; false confessions, 14; Miranda v. Arizona,18; policy problem, 5, 14–17; Supreme Court, 5; techniques of, 14; unreliable statements, 14, 245; wrongful convictions, 231. See also Voluntary confessions Colorado v. Connelly, 255–56 Competence: of juveniles, 2, 54–56, 87–88. See also Adjudicative competence; Developmental psychology; Juveniles, generally Compulsive pressure, 4, 5, 7, 13, 18, 21, 25, 32, 50, 56, 93, 95, 96, 101, 102, 148, 150, 201, 247, 249, 257, 249, 251, 253. See also Isolation of suspects Confessions, 20, 104, 145–46, 147; and admissions , 9, 145, 146; and charge reduction, 170; clearing crimes, 20, 147–50; confirmation bias, 104, 158–59, 232, 233; constructing culpability , 154–55; corroborating evidence, 2, 104, 153–54; criminal prosecution, 2; delinquency prosecution, 2, 172–74; as evidence, 2, 12, 104, 235; as free will and voluntary, 14–16, 138–39, 244; frequency, 145–46; guilt and, 2; guilty pleas, 13–14, 20, 33, 166, 168–69; high-profile cases, 17, 32; impact on defense attorney, 173–76; impact on judges, 133–34, 173–76; impact on prosecutors, 133, 134–35, 173–75; impeachment of suspect with, 104; and juvenile court rehabilitative ideology, 168, 174–76, 177; legal assistance, 5, 17–18; length of interrogation and, 155–66, 239; obtaining, 9; plea bargaining, 20, 86, 95, 173; popular view of, 157; prior record and, 98–100; promptness of, 146–47, 147–50, 158; prosecutors’ use of, 12, 104, 173–75; race and, 220–21; reliability of, 14, 18; suppression of involuntary confessions, 16–17, 151; suppression hearings, 16–17, 166–70; trials, 17, 166, 173, 246; value of, 166; voluntariness of, 7, 13–14, 15–17, 138–39, 161; weight assigned to as evidence, 235. See also False confessions; Totality of circumstances test; Voluntariness test; Voluntary confessions Confirmation bias, 104, 158–59, 232, 233, 235; and tunnel vision, 232, 238 Contamination error, 106, 107–8, 232, 235, 236, 246, 256, 263, 265 Corley v. United States, 261 Corroborating evidence, 2, 104, 106, 153–54, 209 Crime, war on, 1 334 Index Crime Control Model, 5–6, 10, 11, 18, 19–20, 33, 104, 141, 161, 166, 170, 177, 228, 245–46, 248; and inquisitorial system, 5, 18, 33, 104, 141, 161, 229, 245–46; presumption of guilt, 20; and risk of error, 19, 228–29, 245. See also Due Process Model; Inquisitorial system Criminal Interrogation and Confessions, 23 Criminal justice administration, 1, 13, 17, 254; constitutional dimensions of criminal procedure, 12–18, 255 Cruel trilemma, 4 Custodial interrogation, 13, 18, 22, 56, 63, 93, 249, 261, 267. See also Isolation of suspects Data. See Methodology and data Davis v. United States, 57, 58, 89, 98 Defense attorneys: and...