The Criminal Brain: Understanding Biological Theories of Crime

Index

309 Abernethy, John, 61 Adoption studies, 229–230 Antimodernist science, 15; The Bell Curve as example of, 143; decline of, 174; eugenic criminology as a form of, 124, 139–141, 147; in Nazi Germany 147, 184. See also Hooton, Ernest A., as antimodernist; Sheldon , William, as antimodernist Aschaffenburg, Gustav, 180, 181, 184, 187 “Asocials” category, in Nazi Germany, 176, 182, 190, 191 Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiots and Feeble-Minded Persons, 32 Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane, 31 Barr, Martin, 134 Battaglini, Giulio Q., 194–195 Beaver, Kevin, 234 Beccaria, Cesare, 19, 48, 76, 94 Bell Curve, The, 142–143; criticisms of, 209; on intelligence and crime, 208–209 Benedikt, Moritz, 79, 125 Bennett, William, 9, 10 Bentham, Jeremy, 19, 48, 76, 94 Bertillon method of identifying criminals , 81 Binet, Alfred, 129 Biocriminology. See Biological theories of crime Biological theories of crime: characteristics of, 38–39, 63–64; in Fascist Italy, 178, 192–198; future of, 15–16, 240, 250–51; in Nazi Germany, 176–178, 183–192, 194–197, 198, 240; of the past and present, compared, 63–64, 213, 242–246; potential for misuse, 246–250; trends in, 240–242; in Weimar Germany, 178–183, 187, 192–193. See also Biosocial model of crime causation; Contemporary biocriminology ; and names of specific theories and theorists Biometrics, 127 Biosocial model of crime causation, 205–206, 210, 230–236, 244, 245, 247, 249–251. See also Biological theories of crime, future of Birnbaum, Karl, 187 Bodytype research: future of, 174–175; origins of, 148–150, 154–155; and photography, 149, 162, 164–166, 172; in Weimar Germany, 182, 183. See also Constitutional theories of crime; Crime and Human Nature; Eysenck, Hans, and constitutional theory; Raine, Adrian, on constitutional theory; Sheldon, William, and constitutional research Index 310 Index Boies, Henry, 96, 100 Born criminals. See Biological theories of crime, in Nazi Germany; Lombroso , Cesare, and Criminal Man; and Criminal Woman; Maudsley, Henry, as criminal anthropologist; Psychopaths Boyd, Robert, 216–217 Brigham, Amariah, 3, 4, 6, 8, 44; and phrenology, 55, 63 Brockway, Zebulon, 57–58 Brunner, Hans, 231–232, 240 Buck, Carrie, 121–122, 124, 144 Buck v. Bell, 121–124 Burt, Cyril, 141 Camper, Petrus, 92 Capital punishment, 4, 53, 56, 83 Caspi, Avshalom, 233–234 Childhood abuse and trauma as causes of crime, 205–206, 233–234 Children Requiring a Caring Kommunity (CRACK), 9 Churchill, Winston, 123 Classical school of criminology, 76, 78, 83 Cognitive deficits and crime, 206–210, 219 Combe, Andrew, 46 Combe, George, 46, 48, 51–53, 57, 58; on prison discipline, 59–60; on significance of Quetelet’s statistics, 54 Composite photography, 114, 115 Comte, Auguste, 61 Constitutional theories of crime: future of, 174–175; and Hooton, 156–159; terminological vagueness of, 146. See also Bodytype research; Crime and Human Nature; Eysenck, Hans J., and constitutional theory; Raine, Adrian, on constitutional theory; Sheldon, William Contemporary biocriminology: characteristics of, 203; social context of, 199–202, 236, 239–40, 242. See also Cognitive deficits and crime; Evolutionary criminology/psychology, today; Genetic theories of crime; Neuroscientific explanations of crime Crime and Human Nature, 172–174, 228; as antimodernist text, 173; on intelligence and crime, 207–209; on racial differences in crime, 207–208 Criminal anthropology, 14, 97, 183; and contemporary biocriminology, compared, 88; and criminal justice, 81, 83–84; as form of constitutional theory, 143, 148; influence of, in Fascist Italy, 196–197; influence on, of evolutionism, 96–97; not a historical accident, 88; and physiognomy, 20; as a science, 76–81, 86–87. See also names of theorists Criminology, as a term, 11–12 Dalton, Katharina, 218–219 Daly, Martin, 211–214 Dangerousness, definitions of, 55, 83, 86 Darwin, Charles, 13, 34, 35, 91; and crisis of modernism, 174; influence of, on Lombroso, 72; influence of, on Maudsley, 104; influence of, on 19th-century attitudes toward crime, 89–90; influence of, on 19th-century criminology, 92–97; influence of, on sexology, 111; on mechanism of inheritance, 98 Davenport, Charles B., 116, 268n. 26 Dawkins, Richard, 213 Defilement, fear of, 14, 137 Degeneration: defined, 264n. 32; on the rise, 100 Degeneration theory, 21; and criminal anthropology, 67, 74, 76; as form of constitutional theory, 146; in Galton’s work, 114–115; in KrafftEbing ’s thought, 111–113; influence of, on evolutionary theory, 96–97; and interchangeability of forms of deviance, 98–101; model of heredity in, 101; and...