Civilians in a World at War, 1914-1918

Index

[ 353 ] Aerial bombing, 3, 11, 19, 45, 50–51, 104–110, 113, 115, 168, 269, 271; preparedness , 2, 19, 106–107 Age, and war service, 22–23, 67–72, 75, 99–102 Agriculture, 28, 31, 57, 59–60, 65, 77, 86–88, 97, 99–100, 102, 135 Airplanes, 36, 104–108, 113, 168 Alcohol, 52–53, 126, 133, 147; and regulation , 26, 78, 88, 145–146, 272 Algeria, 54, 157 Alsace and Lorraine, 120, 213–214 American Relief Administration European Children’s Fund, 201–202, 249 Amritsar, 259–260 Animals at war, 36, 81, 86, 129 Argentina, 24, 86, 178–179, 241 Armenians, 116, 119, 136–137, 213 Armistice, 39, 110, 113, 249, 265, 269, 275 Atatürk (Mustafa Kemal), 272 Attlee, Clement, 272 Australia, 29, 78, 81, 126, 141–142, 148–149, 160–161, 179, 181, 187, 191, 257; and labor, 52–53, 55, 59, 70, 72, 130–131, 241; and postwar, 272–274; internment camps, 142, 204–207, 210–212, 226–227, 231–235, 238, 316n26, 316n27; Wassa riot, 148 Austro-Hungarian Empire, 28–29, 78, 83, 86, 97, 106, 116–117, 120, 124–126, 156, 168, 171–172, 184, 198–199, 201–202, 209, 211, 213, 265; and labor, 57–59, 64–66, 70–72, 101–102, 135, 241; food policies, 94–96; internment, 205, 213–214; Revolution, 251, 263; Vienna, 66, 115, 123, 171 Auxiliaries, 20, 44, 67–72, 73–74, 100–102, 156 Azerbaijian, 263 Baden-Powell, Robert, 30 Baker, Newton, 57 Barbados, 209 Barthélemy, Joséphine, 126 Battle front, 4, 7, 9, 110, 113, 124–133, 268 Battles: Gallipoli, 45, 55; Somme, 30, 41, 55; Verdun, 36 Belarus, 248 Belgium,103,141,157–159,164,170,173, 179,193–194,243,250;Antwerp,117, 157,164;Brussels,129,136,138,146, 190;civiliansin,24,28,32,74,90, 104–108,113–114,130–136,141,189–192, 285n30,301n58;Flamenpolitik, 243–244,322n9;franc-tireurs,124,194; andGermaninvasion,24,124–125, 194,221–222;Ghent,113,117,146,157; andlabor,49–50,51,60–62,69–70, 72;Leuven,24,128,135–136;refugees, 116–122;Ypres,49,131,275,286n37 Index Index [ 354 ] Bereavement, 103–104, 153, 268, 273 Bermuda, 209 Billeting, 9, 72, 129–134, 141–142 Black and Tans, 258, 262 Black market, 24, 86, 89, 94–96 Bloch, Ivan, 18, 38 Blockade, 19, 86, 191, 224, 253; in French Revolution, 16; Bolivia, 178–179 Bombardment, 50–51, 104–108, 168 Border: regions, 119–120; conflicts, 242–245, 268, 272, 274 Borden, Mary, 164 Boy Scouts, 29–30, 67–68 Brändström, Elsa, 165–166, 184–185, 200 Brazil, 80, 178–179, 204 British Empire, 5, 15, 17, 79, 186, 204, 207–212, 236–237, 257–261; use of colonial troops, 17; use of colonial labor, 40–47, 55–56 Brittain, Vera, 30–31, 103, 166–167 Bulgaria, 84, 104, 106, 194, 251, 263 Burkina Faso, 257 Cameroon, 217 Camp followers. See Followers Canada, 108–109, 145, 174, 186, 204–205, 244–245, 263; and labor, 49, 53; internment camps, 208–210, 218, 224, 232, 234 Carriers. See Porterage Casement, Roger, 215, 317n42 Caucasus, 119 Cavell, Edith, 125 Censorship, 7, 78–82, 142, 291n5 Central Asia, 59–60 Central Powers. See Austro-Hungarian Empire; Germany; Russian Empire Ceylon, 207 Charitable organizations, 98–99, 155–156, 164, 178–202, 226–231, 267; canteens, 21, 34, 141, 226–228; entertainment , 33–35, 38, 141–142, 179–182, 185, 228–231; recreation huts, 35, 141, 185, 226–228 Children: and labor, 67–68, 71–72, 87–88, 100–102; and war, 1, 76–77, 83, 98–99, 118, 131, 133–134, 141–142, 175, 180, 187–189, 199–202 Chile, 178–179, 204–205, 241 China, 105, 180–181, 207, 257; and labor, 40–43–45, 47–57, 59, 74; May Fourth Movement, 261–263; and post-World War I, 175, 271–272; Truptil Mission, 48–49; Tsingtao, 115, 134, 140 Chinese Labour Corps (CLC), 40, 43–45, 47–57, 73–75, 107, 159, 182, 285n30, 286n36; Noyelles-sur-Mer, 51–52. See also Labor corps Christians. See Religion Churchill, Winston, 272 Citizen-Soldiers, 5, 7, 13–39, 267–268, 272 Civilian contractors. See Labor Civilians: definition, 3–5, 114, 158, 162–163, 176; rhetorical meaning 1–12, 37–39, 42, 78, 267–275; as soldiers, 3, 13–39; war service, 271 Civil liberties, 77–84 Civil service, 25, 77, 97, 99 Civil war, 10, 115, 151, 239, 248, 258–266, 268...