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| 223 Notes Notes to the Preface 1. Opie, Thomas, “Sermons in Pictures” National Board of Review Magazine (January 1927), 15. 2. Sumner, Robert, Hollywood Cesspool: A Startling Survey of Movieland Lives and Morals (Sword of the Lord Publishers, 1955). 3. Sumner lamented that he could not update his book, as contemporary details of Hollywood would now make the work nearly pornographic. See http://screenresearch.ning. com/group/bookclub/forum/topics/hollywood-cesspool. 4. Thorp, Margaret, America at the Movies (Yale UP, 1939), 52–53. 5. Anderson, Milton, The Modern Goliath (David Press, 1935), 17. 6. Ibid., 72. Old Truths in New Garments (1936) was an experimental film that recorded the first talking picture church service. 7. Stout, Harry, The New England Soul: Preaching and Religious Culture in Colonial New England (Oxford UP, 1986). 8. The turbulent era from the late 1960s to the early 1980s fostered the growth of interest in film studies by theology scholars and young Christians. A plethora of film-related books triggered engagement and would set the stage for technically trained and filmeducated students to usher in their own renaissance of Christian filmmaking. See Kahle, Roger and Robert Lee, Popcorn and Parable: A New Look at the Movies (Augsburg, 1971); Jones, William, Sunday Night at the Movies (John Knox Press, 1967); Konzelman, Robert, Marquee Ministry: The Movie Theater as Church and Community Forum (Harper and Row, 1972); Schillaci, Anthony, Movies and Morals (Fides, 1968); Wall, James, Church and Cinema (Eerdmans, 1971). 9. We are deeply indebted to Schulze’s work, particularly “A Rhetoric of Conversion” in his Christianity and the Mass Media in America (Michigan State UP, 2003); however, he does not deal with film as much as print and broadcast journalism. Notes to Chapter 1 1. Dougherty, Cardinal Dennis, “Legion of Decency” Catholic Standard (May 25, 1934), 1. 2. As a Presbyterian elder, Hays sensed his calling as divine. See Ross, Clyde, “A Presbyterian Elder, a Church Crusade, and the Period of ‘Family Movies’” Fides et Historia (Fall 1993), 80–90. By 1933, Edward Edkahl denounced him thus: “As the Master of the Movies, I pronounce you, Will Hays, a complete failure. Your cameras are all out of focus.” “The Screen” Christian Advocate (June 15, 1933), 573 (Christian Advocate hereafter cited as CA). 224 | Notes to Chapter 1 3. “Taking It on the Jaw” Hollywood Reporter (July 12, 1934), 1. 4. The International Catholic Film Organization (OCIC) was established in 1928, primarily to establish dialogue among filmmakers and theologians. The Catholic educator Jan Hes argued that the OCIC also aimed at supporting initiatives for church film production , creating a wider international basis for such projects and developing contacts with film professionals. See Hes, Jan, “Notes from the Diary of a Stepchild” Media Development (February 1980), 3. Hes’s article is based on a quotation from Dr. Hans Florin: “Film is the stepchild of Christian communication.” A second group, INTERFILM (International Interchurch Film Association) began in Paris in 1955. 5. Black, Gregory, Hollywood Censored: Morality Codes, Catholics, and the Movies (Cambridge UP, 1996), 170. 6. Skinner, James, The Cross and the Cinema: The Legion of Decency and the National Catholic Office for Motion Pictures, 1933–1970 (Praeger, 1993), 35. 7. Couvares, Francis, “Hollywood, Main Street, and the Church: Trying to Censor the Movies before the Production Code” Movie Censorship and American Culture, ed. Francis Couvares (Smithsonian Institute Press, 1996), 129–58. 8. Beardsley, A. H., “I Went to the Picture Show” CA (February 1933), 103. 9. Chesterton, G. K., As I Was Saying (Eerdmans, 1985), 37–38. More than sixty years later, Chesterton’s cultural observation was echoed by the independent filmmaker John Sayles, who envisioned a “democratizing of the filmmaking process.” Through a decentralization of financing, distribution, and delivery systems, he hoped for more demographically narrow casting of film audiences. John Sayles, “The Big Picture” American Film (June 1985), 10. 10. Krows, Arthur, “So the Pictures Went to Church” Educational Screen (October 1938), 252–53 (Educational Screen hereafter cited as ES). See also Rick Prelinger, Field Guide to Sponsored Films (National Film Preservation Foundation, 2006). 11. See the following pieces by Arthur Krows: “A Quarter-Century of Non-theatrical Films” ES (June 1936), 169; “Motion Pictures—Not for Theatres” ES (September 1938), 211–14; “Motion Pictures—Not for Theatres” ES (October 1938), 249–53, “Motion Pictures —Not For Theatres” ES (January 1939), 13–16; “Motion Pictures—Not for Theatres” ES (September 1941), 333; “Motion Pictures—Not For Theatres” ES (May 1942), 180–82. 12. Brady...

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