Toxic Town: IBM, Pollution, and Industrial Risks

Index

>> 233 Index Accountability, 179, 193–94, 195–96 Activist narratives: Diane, environmentalist and politician, 138–39; Eric, on power of capital, 141–46; Frank, former IBMer, 129–33; John, “squeaky wheel” and information disseminator, 133–35; Larry, IBMer and outdoor lover, 146–50; Mike, open-minded, 135–37; Shelley, outspoken Republican and depoliticizer, 124–29; Ted, plume activist and message maker, 139–41 Activists and advocacy groups: academic, 141–46; ambiguity for, 118–19, 123, 127, 137; “battle” theme for, 145–46; “boundary movement” and, 14, 122, 150–52; burnout for, 127–28; community stakeholder tension with, 121–22, 148–49, 156–63; ebb and flow to, 148–50; Endicott, 118–22, 124–25, 138–39, 147, 183, 206n6, 206n8; environmental , 146–50; environmental justice tension with, 14–15, 152–54, 156–63, 164–65, 183; in ethnographic fieldwork, 11; IBMer, 124–35, 139–50; interrelationship and intersubjectivity of, 118, 123–24, 142–46; mitigation for, 102–5, 133; motivation and purpose of, 122–23, 125–26, 130, 133–34, 136, 138, 140, 141–42, 144, 146–47, 205n4; narratives of grassroots, 122–24; on NYSDEC failure, 140–41, 141; open-minded, 137; plume resident, 139–41; politicization of, 125, 128–29, 131–33, 134–35, 156–63; on TCE health risk, 67–68, 204n4; on VMS efficacy, 103; welfare politics and, 149. See also specific advocacy groups Actor network landscape, 22 African Americans, 87–93, 154 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 26, 66, 75, 106–7, 151, 205n8 Akers, John, 82, 203n11 Ambient air, 106–8 Ambiguity: advocacy stemming from, 118–19, 123, 127, 137; for citizens, 64, 74, 102, 151, 190–91; for contamination communities , 75–76, 151, 185; from environmental justice, 156; in mitigation effort, 14, 116–17; of science, 30; TCE exposure, 18, 188; in VI science and policy, 177–78, 183–84 Anecdotal, 203n6 Anthropology, 199n1, 202n12; disasters and science challenged by, 31–32; in VI science and policy, 166–67, 170–71, 172–73, 175–79, 183–84, 207n5; in VI science communication , 166–67 ATSDR. See Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Attenuation and attenuation factors, 56, 168–69, 207n1 Blue Gene, xii “Boundary movement,” 14, 122, 150–52 Budget, Endicott’s, 84 Bundy, William L., 42 Business: of EIT, 53–54; IBM impact in, xi–xii, 197n1; IBM offerings in, 40–41, 201n11, 201nn7–8; mainframes role in, 52; in New York state, 84 Cancer: citizen risk awareness and, 76–77; citizens on causes of, 74–76, 77–78, 183–84; environmental illness of, 72–76, 234 > 235 deterritoriality and multinational, 24; disaster narration for, 31–32, 191; pollution from, 156–57 Cost and cost-effectiveness, 44, 103–4, 176–77 CTR. See Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company Data and data computation: on citizens plume experiences, 63–64; cost of, 44; IBM and, xiv, 41–44, 47–48, 201nn10–11; risk survey, experimenting with, 78–82 Defense industry, 53–54 Deindustrialization: for citizens, 64, 82–86, 181, 182; corporate capitalism causing, 85–86, 197n3; dystopia, stigma, and, 65; in Endicott, 3, 5, 8, 37, 82–86; pollution, responsibility, and, 7; Rust Belt, 5, 37, 83–84; shifting demographics and, 86–87 Demographics, 86–96, 159–60, 197n2 Deterritoriality and reterritoriality, 24, 25–26 Dey, Alexander, 42 Disaster, technological: corporate narration in, 31–32, 191; delay in, 188; knowledge and uncertainty in, 31–32, 177–78; narration and, 31–34, 191; power balance in, 31–32; science challenged in, 32–33 Discursive sorption, 20 Duty, 206n5 Dystopia, 65 Economy, 159–60 Education, 50 Effort, mitigation, 24 EIT. See Endicott Interconnect Technologies , Inc. EJ. See Endicott-Johnson Shoe Company Electronic computing, 48–49 Empiricism, 181–82 Emplacement, 21–22, 199n4 Employment: early IBM, 47, 48; EJ, 38; Endicott , 94–95; late IBM, 53 Endicott, NY: activists and advocacy groups, 118–22, 124–25, 138–39, 147, 183, 206n6, 206n8; African Americans in, 87–93; as “blanket mitigation” site, 97–98, 99–100; budget and revenue, 84; citizens on quality of life in, 82–83, 94–96; contamination and gender perception in, 79–80; deindustrialization in, 3, 5, 8, 37, 82–86; early IBM headquarters in, 47, 48, 49; EJ impact on, 35–36; employment in, 94–95; as IBM birthplace, 35, 41; IBM corporate culture change impact on, 18–19; IBM downsizing in, 53, 202n19, 202nn16–17; IBM history in, 36–37, 40–54, 48, 49; as IBM sacrifice zone, 24–25; industrial pollution history of, 54–55; location and makeup...