Toward a Tenderer Humanity and a Nobler Womanhood: African American Women's Clubs in Turn-Of-The-Century Chicago

Title Page, Copyright, Dedication

TOWARD A TENDERER HUMANITY AND A NOBLER WOMANHOOD TOWARD A TENDERER HUMANIT Y AND A NOBLER WOMANHOO D African American Women's Clubs in Turn-qf-the-Century Chicago ANNE MEI S KNUPFE R N E W Y O R K U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S N E W Y O R K A N D L O N D O N NEW YORK UNIVERSITYPRESS New York and London© 199 6 b y New York University All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Dat a Knupfer,,Anne Meis, 1951 Toward a tenderer humanity and a nobler womanhood : African American women's clubs in turn-of-the-century Chicago / Ann e Meis Knupfer. p. cm . Includes bibliographical reference s (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-8147-4671-3 (cloth ) : alk. paper)—ISBN 0-8147-4691- 8 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Afro-America n women—Illinois—Chicago—Societies an d clubs. 2. Chicag o (III.)—Social conditions. 3 . Chicag o (III.)—Socia l life and customs. 1 . Title . F548.9.N4K58 199 6 977.3' 1 100496073—dc2 0 96-2525 9 CIP New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability. Manufactured i n the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To my grandparents, Alfonsus and Marcelinda Meis, who taught me their language and culture, and to my son, Franz Paul Knupfer ...