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>> 293 9/11 attacks: Arab American politics, transformation of, 59; Arab world, discussions of, 13; CNN coverage, 251–252; media images following, 253; U.S. post-Cold War expansion in the Middle East, 61; writings published after, 230–231 60 Minutes (television program), 197 1970s, 37, 46 1980s, 46, 49 1990s, 59, 60–61 Abdulhadi, Rabab, 86–87, 262n8 Abu Ghraib prison scandal, 261n5 Abu-Lughod, Lila, 137, 261n5 “activist mothering,” 216 Afghanistan, 115–116, 253 African Americans: cultural identity, 92; middle-class discourses, 93; middleclass elites, 92; migrant Muslim communities, 150–151; Muslims, 131– 133, 175–176; respectability, 92 Ahmed, Leila, 71, 72, 136, 196 Albright, Madeleine, 144–145, 197 Algeria, French colonial, 71–72, 194, 196 Amar, Paul, 67 “American” (the term), 1 American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, 47 American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, San Francisco Chapter, 11, 48, 199, 267n1 American Federation of Ramallah, Palestine (AFRP), 42. See also Ramallah Club Americanization, 124, 249 Americanness, 7–8, 83, 248 “Americans” (the term), 7, 73 Al-Amin, Jamil (formerly H. Rap Brown), 152–153, 266n28 Anderson, Benedict, 101 anti-Arab sentiment/racism: Arab-Israeli War (1967), 38; Gulf War (1990-1991), 53; hate crimes against Arabs, 54; immigrant generation Bay Area Arab Americans, 74; lived experiences of, 54, 176; media images of Arabs, 54; Omnibus Counterterrorism Act (1995), 53–54; Orientalism, 4; sexism, 55 anti-imperial Arab nationalism, 211–222, 259n13 anti-imperialism, 48–51, 228–239; Arabness, 26; in Bay Area, 49; diasporic anti-imperialism, 19, 48–51, 228–239, 229–230; historically and territorially rooted leftist Arab, 202; neoliberal multiculturalism, 26; queer antiimperialism , 234–239; transnational feminist anti-imperialism, 228–234 anti-imperialist feminism, 181–184, 201, 204 anti-interventionist movements, 179 anti-Muslim racism, 153 anti-Muslim violence, 140–141 anticolonial Arab nationalism, 43–44, 48, 268n11 antiracism movement, 250 antiwar movement, 175, 178, 230, 231–234, 256n7 “Arab” (the term), 1, 7, 14, 28, 29, 30, 73 “Arab American” (the term), 28, 30 “Arab American awakening,” 38 Arab American Democratic club, 45 Arab American feminist scholars, 252–253 Arab American feminists, 55 Arab American studies, 30, 61, 248–249, 256n10 index 294 > 295 116; masculinist Arab nationalism, 64, 65, 73, 86; Muslim First, Arab Second, 116; old-timers and, 33; panArab nationalism, 36, 38, 46; U.S.’s conflict with, 36; Zionist settlements in Palestine, 33–34 Arab Resources for Organizing and Community (AROC), 267n1 Arab spring revolutions, 253–254 Arab women: career, 94; cultural authenticity, politics of, 78–83; double standard, 121–123, 125; education, 94; essentialist ideals of, 127–128; institutional marginalization of, 166; Islamic feminism, 126; marriage, 94–95, 126; marriageability, 95; motherhood, 126–127; Muslim First, Arab Second, affiliation with, 123; Orientalism, 4, 12, 120, 129, 255n4; premarital chastity, 82; puppet of Palestinian woman, 183–184, 227, 234; reputation, 99; unmarried women, 97–98; work, 122 Arab Women’s Solidarity Association (AWSA-SF), San Francisco Chapter: Artists for Iraq, 238; author’s role in, 11, 20; Cyber AWSA, 59; founders, 59; founding, 58; LAM (leftist Arab movement), 161, 182, 270n20; postcard by, 203–205 Arab world: 9/11 attacks, 13; 1950s, 34; Britain, 268n11; complexity of, 13; discussions of, 13; diversity of, 29; family, 67, 68, 71; France, 268n11; heteronormativity, 84–85; homosexuality, 67–68; identity terms, 29–30; pan-Arab nationalism, 46; post-World War II anti-European nationalisms, 33; religiosity, 115; selfdetermination and decolonization of, 43–44; selfhood in, 71; U.S. imperial ambitions, 73; United States’s relationship with, 34, 35; unity projects, 34 Arabness, 5–14, 41–44, 66–75; antiimperialism , 26; Arab Cultural Center, 50–51; articulations of, 258n4; as backwards, 124; Bay Area Arab Americans’ articulations of, 41–44; boundaries of, 99; concept of, 1990s change in, 59; concepts of, historical and political conditions giving rise to, 17; cultural authenticity, politics of, 26; diaspora, concept of, 27; as family, 66–71, 73–75, 102; heterosexuality, 83; inner Arab vs. outer American, 7–8; interaction between imagined Arab community and imagined America, 108; middle-class Arab immigrants’ articulation of, 6–7, 74–75; Muslim First, Arab Second, 112; Orientalist concepts of, 248; rearticulation of, 9–14, 248; second generation Bay Area Arab Americans as potential threat to survival of, 66, 78; singular visions of, 220; stories as articulations of, 8–9; words of the people (Kalam al-nas), 99–103 Arabs: ethnic backgrounds, 131; media images of, 36–37, 54, 182–183; race of, 32; racial profiling of, 4; as threat to American finances, national...

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