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ACT UP, 206–208 Adams, Frank, 209 Adams, Harriet, 163 Affordable housing, 214–215, 217, 220, 257n. 9; real estate price inflation, 190, 199, 257n. 9 African Americans, 55, 64–69, 153, 164, 199 AIDS, 157–160, 165, 194; and affects on lesbian entrepreneurs, 184–185 Airlines/airports: Amphibian Airways, 111; Cape Cod Airlines, 12; Federal Airport Act, 111; Provincetown-Boston Airline, 111 Alcoholism/drug abuse/depression, 193, 211 Alden, Christina (pseudonym), 99–100 Alden, John, 26 Alexander, Florence Corea, 101, 115, 139–140 Alexander, Ted, 157–158 “Alienated leisure,” 21–22, 47, 233n. 2 Allen, Virginia, 176 Alves, Francis, 100 Americanization classes, 51, 56, 58, 118 Armory Show, New York (1913), 73, 103 Aron, Cindy, 11, 20–21 Art colony: beginnings of, 69–70; colonies vs. gay resorts, 16; and costume balls, 71–72, 135, 240n. 11, 242n. 43; divisions within, 72–73; ties with Yankee businessmen, 71, 103 Artists (conservative), 72, 75–80 Artists (during depression), 117, 118–120. See also Works Progress Administration (WPA) Artists (as gay or gay friendly), 2, 16, 75, 83–96, 98–99; “bachelors,” 82–86, 90–92; gay men, 135, 198; lesbians, 94–96, 180; “maiden ladies,” 86–90, 92–94. See also Williams, Tennessee Artists (and gender), 70, 79–81 Artists (modern or avant-garde), 72–75, 81–82 Artists (and race), 76–82, 241n. 29 Artists (as tourist attractions), 2, 12, 22, 69–72, 129–130 Artists/writers, 240n. 15; Yvonne Anderson, 134; Gifford Beal, 72; Max Bohm, 72; Florence Brown, 113; George Elmer Browne, 70, 80, 120; Fritz Bultman, 133–134; Frederic Burt, 80; Oliver Chaffee, 72, 90–91; Michael Cunningham , 198; Stuart Davis, 72, 84; Charles Demuth , 74, 82–86, 90, 92, 242nn. 36, 38; Harvey Dodd, 2, 198; Robert Duncan, 134; Reeves Euler, 134; Donna Flax, 180; Ron Fowler, 198; Valeska Gert, 134–135; Ada Gilmore, 73, 88–90, 180, 243nn. 49, 51; Lois Griffel, 198; Marsden Hartley, 72, 82–86, 90, 92, 141, 242nn. 40, 43, 243n. 49; Joe Hazan, 134; Henry Hensche, 70, 134; Hans Hofmann, 70, 73, 134; Norma Holt, 198; Edna Boies Hopkins, 86; Edward Hopper, 73, 134; Peter Hunt (Freddy Schnitzer), 92, 101; Harry Kemp, 98, 242n. 36; Kranz Kline, 134; Karl Knaths, 73; Lee Krasner, 134; Blanche Lazzell, 70, 73, 90; Norman Mailer, 198; Philip Malicoat,, 118, 134; Carl Malmberg, 118; Ethel Mars, 73, 75, 82, 86–89, 92, 189, 243nn. 49, 50, 51; Fred Marvin, 90–92, 243n. 49; Mildred “Dolly McMillen,” 73, 88–90; Eileen Miles, 198; Richard Miller, 72; Ross Moffett, 69, 119, 242n. 36; Robert Motherwell, 134; Juliet Nichols, 73; Bror J. O. Nordfeldt, 73; Mary Oliver, 198; Henry Pfeiffer, 70; Jackson Pollock, 134; Vollian Rann, 70, 134; Ada Raynor, 134; Marion Roth, 180; Mark Rothko, 134; Antoinette Scudder, 94–96, 131; George Senseney, 70; Nancy Paine Smith, 71, 104; Maud Squire, 73, 82, 86–89, 92, 180, 243nn. 49, 50; Myron Stout, 134; Tony Vevers , 134–135; T. J. Walton, 180; Marcus Waterman , 69; Ambrose Webster, 70; Carol Wescott, 92; Nancy Whorf, 92; George Willison, 118; Donald Witherstine, 120; George Yater, 70, 118, 121; Shirley P. Yater, 121; Marguerite Zorach, 72, 81; William Zorach, 72. See also Entertainers ; Provincetown Players Atkins, John and Frances, 155, 169. See also Nightclubs/restaurants, Ace of Spades (Pied Piper) Azores, the, 1, 9–11, 47, 67, 80, 101, 113; and emigration , 50–52; Fayal, 53; geographic layout, 50; St. Michael, 1, 101; and tension with Portuguese mainlanders, 47, 50–52, 55, 235n. 15; and “Western Islanders,” 51–52, 67; and whaling , 32–33. See also Portuguese immigrants/residents; Portuguese immigration 265 Index Babbit, Preston, 160 Badgett, M. V., 173 Baganha, Maria, 52 Baldwin, James, 67, 190 Ball, S. Osborn, 146 Baoine, Phil, 137–139, 147–149 Barillo, Danny, 210 Barnett, Kate, 209 Barnstormer’s Theater, 104 Beachcombers Club, 70–72, 80, 90 Beats/beatniks, 150, 155–156, 242n. 44 Bella, James, 207 Bennett, Mary A., 163 Bent, Frank S., 64 Berger, Josef (aka Jeremiah Digges), 43, 51, 65, 97, 118–119, 127, 244n. 68 Bergman, Keith, 203 Betzold, Marge, 159, 173–174 B. H. Dyer’s Hardware, 195 Birge, Dr. Ella F., 20 Birge, Dr. William, 20 Black, Constance, 213 Blackface minstrel shows, 64–67, 80, 153, 238n. 59, 241n. 29; blackface in 1996 Carnival Parade, 204 Blake, Arthur, 139, 141 Blessing of the Fleet and Portuguese Festival, 58–62, 68, 212, 220, 237nn. 45, 47 Bloomfield, Eleanor, 92–94, 173 “Boat people,” 129–131, 150 Bohemians/bohemianism...

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