Working the Diaspora: The Impact of African Labor on the Anglo-American World, 1650-1850

Notes

155 Notes I ntroduction 1. David Eltis, “Free and Coerced Transatlantic Migrations: Some Comparisons ,” American Historical Review 88 (April 1983): 252; Robin Blackburn, The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492–1800 (New York: Verso, 1997). 2. Edmund Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia (New York: W. W. Norton, 1975); Philip D. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint : Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998); Gary A. Puckrein, Little England: Plantation Society and Anglo-Barbadian Politics, 1627–1700 (New York: New York University Press, 1984); Betty Wood, The Origins of American Slavery: Freedom and Bondage in the American Colonies (New York: Hill and Wang, 1997), 40–67. 3. Elizabeth Donnan, ed., Documents Illustrative of the Slave Trade to America, vol. 1, 1441–1700 (1930−35; repr., New York: Octagon Books, 1965), 156. 4. Ronald Bailey, “The Slave(ry) Trade and the Development of Capitalism in the United States: The Textile Industry in New England,” Social Science History 14 (Autumn 1990): 373–414. 5. Eltis, “Free and Coerced Transatlantic Migrations,” 252; Jack Greene, “The American Revolution,” American Historical Review 105 (February 2000): 93–102; Gordon Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992); Puckrein, Little England. 6. Based on a query of David Eltis et al.’s online database, Voyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, www.slavevoyages.org/tast/database/index. faces. 7. Robert Harms, The Diligent: A Voyage through the Worlds of the Slave Trade (New York: Basic Books, 2002), 300. 8. Patricia A. Molen, “Population and Social Patterns in Barbados in the Early Eighteenth Century,” William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd ser., 28 (April 1971): 289. 9. Donnan, Documents Illustrative, 2:148. 10. Trevor Burnard, “European Migration to Jamaica, 1655–1780,” William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd ser., 53 (October 1996): 772; Donnan, Documents Illustrative , 1:174. 156 Notes to the Introduction 11. Michael Craton, Searching for the Invisible Man: Slaves and Plantation Life in Jamaica (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978), 53–54. 12. Aaron S. Fogleman, “From Slaves, Convicts, and Servants to Free Passengers : The Transformation of Immigration in the Era of the American Revolution ,” American Historical Review 85 (June 1998): 43–76. 13. Peter H. Wood, Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion (New York: W. W. Norton, 1974), ch. 5; Jennifer Morgan, Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery (Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), 128–43. 14. P. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, 59–61. 15. E. Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom, chs. 13 and 15. 16. U.S. Department of Commerce, Historical Statistics of the United States, pt. 2, Colonial Times to 1970 (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1975), 1168; P. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, 61. 17. Eltis et al., Voyages database. 18. Michael Gomez, Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 17–37. 19. Michael Tadman, “The Demographic Costs of Sugar: Debates on Slave Societies and Natural Increase in the Americas,” American Historical Review 105 (October 2000): 1534–64; P. Wood, Black Majority, 63–91; P. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint ; Ira Berlin, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998); Ira Berlin and Philip Morgan, eds., Cultivation and Culture: Labor and the Shaping of Slave Life in America (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1993). 20. Joyce Chaplin, An Anxious Pursuit: Agricultural Innovation and Modernity in the Lower South, 1730–1815 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 190–220; P. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, 361, 368; David Eltis, “New Estimates of Exports from Barbados and Jamaica,” William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd ser., 52 (October 1995): 631–48; Puckrein, Little England, 40–72. 21. Donnan, Documents Illustrative, 1:379. 22. South Carolina Historical Society, Collections of the South Carolina Historical Society, vol. 5 (Charleston: South Carolina Historical Society, 1897), 125. 23. P. Wood, Black Majority, 20–28; J. Morgan, Laboring Women, 123–28. 24. April Hatfield, Atlantic Virginia: Intercolonial Relations in the Seventeenth Century (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), 143–50; Russell R. Menard, “The Maryland Slave Population, 1658 to 1730: A Demographic Profile of Blacks in Four Counties,” William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd ser., 32 (January 1975): 31. 25. P. Wood, Black Majority, 32; Hatfield, Atlantic Virginia, 52–53, 154–55. 26. Berlin, Many Thousands Gone; P. Morgan, Slave...