Pagan Family Values: Childhood and the Religious Imagination in Contemporary American Paganism

Index

>> 223 activism. See politics Adler, Margot, 33, 149, 200n21 adolescents: converting to Paganism, 33, 63, 164, 170; festivals and, 178, 179, 180; Indigo children, 65–66; leaving Paganism, 21, 28, 167; rites of passage and, 171–172, 174, 180; rituals and, 23, 171–172, 174; second-generation Pagan, 167; SpiralScouts and, 28; survey of, 19, 193–195. See also PathFinders; rituals adulthood: expectations of, 3, 61, 71, 72, 173, 180, 183; Pagan constructions of, 185, 186; rejection of, 71, 72, 87, 185; religious community and, 156, 159; retaining childlike aspects in, 84, 87, 88, 174, 185. See also ambivalence affirmations, positive, 36, 39, 40, 41, 106 agnosticism, 29, 49, 63, 133, 167, 169 Aisling: on Christians, 115–116; Pagan carols, 114–115, 151; “toddler tools” in ritual, 89–91, 93, 94; Wiccaning of, 153–155, 160, 161 Albanese, Catherine L., 30, 184 altars, 157; children and, 101, 153, 160; eclecticism of, 46, 47, 77 ambivalence: toward adulthood, 87–88, 183, 186; toward American culture, 8, 11, 23, 116, 129, 152, 183; toward childhood , 88, 94, 112, 113, 178, 182, 186; toward history, 26, 52; toward life-cycle rituals, 24, 174; toward magic, 4–5, 83; toward organization (see organization ); toward religion, 22, 24, 156, 160 American Pagan Families & Family Values survey (APF&FV), 18–20, 189–191 American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS), 3–4, 197n1 amnesia. See memory ancestors, 77, 93, 122, 124 animals, 13, 14, 17, 83, 109, 181; communication with, 60, 73, 83; spirituality of, 95, 122 antimodernism, 34. See also premodernism anxiety: religious, 26, 53, 94, 97, 169, 182; sexual, 178 Apollo (god), 104, 154, 155 appropriation, 27, 49, 52, 86, 94, 212n22 Aquarian Tabernacle Church (ATC), 125–126, 129, 137 archaeomythology, 33. See also mythology Artemis (goddess), 77, 154, 155 astrology, 46, 59, 159 Atashih, 8, 45–46, 145, 151; on parenting, 60, 85; on Wicca, 46, 47, 55, 94, 199n2 atheism, 29, 89, 128, 132, 133 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 64–65, 147, 207n23 authenticity: of religion, 7, 34, 53, 99, 205n85; of the self, 74, 184, 185, 208n41 Index 224 > 225 of, 61, 66, 73, 79, 129, 134, 180; Pagan children’s experiences of, 9, 12, 26, 86, 87, 88, 92–93, 112–113, 124; Pagan understandings of, 9, 24, 88, 118, 120, 133, 159, 173–174; religion, 91, 97, 151, 156, 162, 171, 172, 187; spirituality in, 3,60, 61, 69, 84, 113. See also narratives, spiritual; spirituality childhood stories. See narratives, spiritual childlike wonder, 3, 58, 62, 63, 72, 73, 81, 88, 182 children, 59–61, 87; leaving Paganism, 205n6; relationships with adults, 23, 32, 71, 72, 85–87, 88, 91, 113, 145, 183; second-generation Pagan, 4, 8, 45, 86–87, 116, 155–156, 193–195. See also spirituality of children choice: children and, 28, 45, 49, 96, 118, 162, 170, 171, 180; reincarnation and, 158, 159; religious value of, 6, 13, 22, 97, 98, 162; spirituality and, 96, 97, 114–115, 118, 156–162, 166–171; tradition and, 180; Wiccanings and, 162. See also tradition Christianity: children’s understandings of, 150, 151; comparisons with Paganism , 115–116, 146–147, 156, 161, 162, 171, 213n25; family of origin and, 74, 75, 76, 78, 89, 151; interactions with Paganism, 68, 121, 128; Paganism combined with, 46, 83, 122, 201n26; Pagan conversion to, 42, 43, 44, 45, 128, 168, 201n25, 203n48; persecution by, 54, 55, 61, 73, 80, 116, 142; rejection of, 137, 150–151, 166, 170, 171, 206n14; resistance to, 33, 54, 132. See also Catholicism; conversion; narratives , spiritual; persecution; Protestant denominations circle: as symbol, 105, 107, 149, 159; casting by adults and children together, 90–91, 92, 93, 101, 102–103–104, 154; casting by children, 90–91, 92, 93, 109, 111–112; children and energy in, 91, 94, 95–96, 98–99, 103, 112. See also energy clergy, Pagan: authority of, 42, 125, 137, 201n25; lack of paid, 51, 125, 126, 137; in ritual, 95, 157, 159, 171, 174 Clifton, Chas, 30 clothing, adults’, 71, 112, 137, 175, 179, 214n36 clothing, children’s: clothing-optional festivals, 176, 178, 179; costumes, 86, 110, 124, 138; in SpiralScouts, 134, 135, 137; Pagan, 142. See also nudity; uniforms community service, 29, 70–71, 120, 138 continuity, religious. See tradition conversion: from Paganism as adults, 42, 43, 44, 128, 165, 201n25; from Paganism as children, 45, 168, 203n48; resisting, 33; to Paganism, 63, 77, 128, 156, 162, 164, 170 costumes. See clothing, adults’; clothing, children’s Council of Magickal Arts (CMA), 70–71, 109–113...