Representing the Race: A New Political History of African American Literature

Index

| 249 Index 2 Live Crew, 149, 155 1876 presidential election, 53 2008 presidential election, 11, 202–203, 204, 207, 212n4 Adams, John, 5 “Address before the Pennsylvania Augustine Society, An” (Saunders), 30 Adeleke, Tunde, 42 “African American” (the term), 219n30 AfricanAmericanculturalexpression,131–133 African American historiography: elitism of, 8; in era of Black Studies, 16, 197; Marxist revisionist historiography, 246n2; paradigm of, proposed, 17–18; racism in, 8, 93; slavery in, 8, 16 African American intellectual history: Jefferson and, 12; political activism, contributions to, 10; racial representation in, 11; Reed and Warren on, 7–9; renewal of, 8 African American intellectuals, 198, 221n5, 246n3, 246n4 African American literary studies, 7, 9 African American literature, 1–47, 74–99; 1960s and 1970s, 13–15; agency of, 15–19; autobiography, tradition of, 189; Black Arts Movement, assumptions of, 13–14; Black Power Movement, assumptions of, 13–14; challenges representing racially defined communities, 4; copyright law (see Sun Trust v. Houghton Mifflin Company ); dialect in, 227n41; double standard applied to, 132; in early America, 21–47; electoral and governmental events, 4, 201; function of, debate about, 82–83; geopolitics of, 123–126; informing society , 75; Jefferson and, 3, 30, 197; neo-slave narratives, 209; New Negro criticism, 75–81; Notes on the State of Virginia and, 3, 21–22; Obama and, 3, 12–13; pamphlets/ pamphleteers in, 28, 30; parody in, 133 (see also Wind Done Gone); passing for white theme in, 92–94; plantation tradition of, 229n55; political nature/ value of, vii–viii, 1, 4–5, 9, 13–14, 22–28, 74–75, 128–129, 197, 209; in post-Obama era, 201–203, 208; in postemancipation period, 40; race relations, direct influence on, 126; racial identities of authors, 28–29; racial representation in, 25, 203; racial uplift theme in, 74–76, 81–99; social change/transformative effects, 4–5, 6, 11, 12, 51, 75, 129, 155–160; Sun Trust v. Houghton Mifflin Company, 12; transnationalism , 103; universal appeal, aspirations toward, 114; white critics of, 194 African American periodicals, 81–84, 215n28 African American political activism: agency, 15–16; antiwhite hatred, 162; Black Studies Movement, 4; “direct political action” vs. “indirect cultural politics,” 7, 9; elected black mayors, 247n17; intellectual culture, 198–199; intergenerational conflict , 204–205; “Joshua generation,” 204; “Moses generation,” 204, 206; multiracial coalitions, 198, 247n17; parody and, 133; periodicals, role of, 81–84; race in new African American politics, 206–208; racial cynicism in African American political history, 206–208; sewing circles, role of, 88–89; Washington and, 86–87, 88 250 | Index African American studies, “post-soul” paradigm of, 14 African Americans: agency of, 8; in antebellum period, 60–61; anti-literacy laws, effect of, 53–55; conventions in empowering , 61; Decades of Disappointment (the “Nadir”), 53–55; Democratic Party, 52; early America, 14; electoral power, 2; literary societies in empowering, 63–65; portrayals in Anglo-American literature, 80; Reconstruction, 49–50, 51–53, 69–70, 222n12; Wilmington, North Carolina, massacre (1898), 90 agency, 8, 15–19 Allen, Richard, 30 American Colonization Society (ACS), 35–36 American Lazarus (Brooks), 26 ancestor-relative analogy, 194–195 Anderson, Paul Allen, 177 Andrews, William, 124 Angelou, Maya, 189 Anglo-African Magazine, 81 Anxiety of Influence (Bloom), 225n8 Appeal in Four Articles (Walker), 217n9 Appeal to Reason (newspaper), 104 Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (Walker), 38–47; 1st article (“Our Wretchedness in Consequence of Slavery ”), 40–41; 2nd article (“Our Wretchedness in Consequence of Ignorance”), 41–45; audience and readership, gap between, 44; black abolitionism, 40, 42; black violence against whites, 42–43; on Christian proslavery advocacy, 38–40; critique of Jefferson’s Notes on the State of Virginia, 23–25, 30–31, 38–43, 46–47, 55–56; educational differences among African Americans, 43–45; ethical stance, 39–40; historical context, 23, 24–25, 30, 217n9; intellectual condescension in, 44–46; militancy, 42–43; pamphleteering tradition, 30; racial uplift, 29–31, 44 Arendt, Hannah, 2, 75, 93 Arewa, Olufunmilayo B., 131, 132–133 Armstrong, John, 122 art, representational vs. “nonrepresentational ,” 159 “Art or Propaganda” (Locke), 81 Audacity of Hope (Obama): African American writers, references to, 3; Dreams from My Father (Obama), 182–184; funeral for Rosa Parks, 183; literary quality, 166; title, 188; transformative moment of publication, 164; U. S. Constitution , creation of, 184–185, 190; year published, 2 “Audacity of Hope” (Wright), 188–189 Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man (Johnson), 93–94 Autobiography of Malcolm X (Malcolm X and Haley), 161–164, 169–170, 172–176 Bai...