Economic Policy and Household Welfare During Crisis and Adjustment in Tanzania

Index

I INDEX Absolute poverty line, 59 Adjustment with a Human Face, 2 Administration, 23 Agland Investment Services, 13 4 Agricultural Sample Survey (AGSASU), 13 0 Aid, 19 Algeria, 20 Anderson, 1 2 Animal traction, 14 3 Arrears rescheduling, 46 Arrears and debt rescheduling, 46 Arusha declaration, 1 0 Asia and Oceania, 20 Bagachwa, 48, 49, 53 Bananas, 8 Bank of Tanzania, 26 Banking system, net claims of the, 31 Barter and income terms of trade, 20 Barter terms of trade, 20 Basic Industries Strategy (BIS), 13 Beans, 8 Bevan, 31 Bevan and his co-authors, 3 Bevan et al., 3, 58 Bhattacharyya, 48, 49 Bienenfield, 2 9 Biermann, 14 Bilateral donors, 13 Black markets, 29 Borrowing, 45 Campbell, 1 4 Capital inflows, 1 2 Cash income, 71 Cashew nuts, 7 Cassava, 7 CET index, 19 7 Cloves, 7 Coast, 8 Cocoa, 7 Coconuts, 7 Coffee, 8 ; coffee smuggling , 13 4 Collier, 3, 39, 40, 45, 12 4 Collier et al., 10, 58, 161 Commercial banking system, 26 Commercial entrepreneurs, 29 Composition of food consumption, 93 Consumer goods, 39 Consumer goods rationing, 11 9 Consumption and excise taxes, 23 Consumption patterns, 88 Cooperative Rural Development Bank, 26 Cornia, 2 Cotton, 7 Crop income, 68 211 212 Alexander H. Sarris and Rogier van den Brink Crop-marketing parastatals, 11 Crops, scheduled, 118 ; drought, 118 Current expenditures, 31 Daily per capita calorie intakes, 93 Dar es Salaam, 7 Debt rescheduling, 46 Decentralization of public administration, 11 Deficit, 1 2 Demographic censuses, 7 Devaluations, 1 5 Development expenditures, 31 Drought crops, 11 8 Early Warning and Crop Monitoring Bureau (EWCMB), 121 East African Community, 1 4 Ecology, 7 Economic services, 23 Economic Recovery Program (ERP), 16 Economic and Social Action Program (ESAP), 17 Economy, hidden, 48; parallel, 48; second, 48; underground , 48 Education, health, and economic services, 23 Education services, 23 Educational level, 61 Educational level of heads of households, 61 Elasticity of parallel imports, 51 Elasticity of per capita Ellis, 31 Elasticity of transformation, 17 9 Exchange rates, parity, 42 Expenditure shares, 88 Expenditures, current, 31; development, 31 Export-crop marketing, 1 0 Export crops, 15 Export retention scheme, 35 Export tax revenues, 23 Exports, parallel, 49; 133; over invoicing of official, 49 ; under invoicing of official , 49; unit value indices for, 20 External constraint, 1 3 External trade, 11 External trade deficit, 1 1 Farm area per household, 13 7 Farm size distribution, 13 7 Farming system, 8 Fertilizer, 14 3 Finland, 20 Fiscal deficit, 3 1 Fixed capital formation, 1 9 Food crops, 15 Food imports, 19, 20 Food poverty line, 10 8 Food aid, 131 Food expenditures, 11 1 Foreign borrowing, 12 Foreign exchange shortage, 15 Formal wage employment, 23 Franklin, 12 5 Frey, 48 General public services, 23 Germany, 20 Gini coefficient, 7 8 Government employees, 29 Government revenues and expenditure, 23 Green, 29 Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), 38 Growing season, 7 Guaranteed prices, 10 Gunning, 3, 39, 40, 45 Guttman, 49 Gwyer, 126 Harris-Todaro model, 16 4 Havnevik, 15 4 Heads of households, 61 Health services, 23 Hidden economy, 48 Hidden or second or parallel or underground economy, 48 Hong Kong, 20 Household Budget Survey (HBS), 59 Household size, 59 Household surveys, 58; Human capital situation, 64 Hyuha, 51 IMF, 14 IMF compensatory finance, 1 3 Import counterpart funds, 45 Import support funds, 45 Import elasticities, 51 Import support and counterpart funds, 45 Imports, own-funded, 46; no-payment, 51; unit value indices for, 20; over invoicing of official, 4 9 Incentive goods, 13 4 Incidence of poverty, 10 3 Index 21 3 Income of both farm and nonfarm households, 64 Income differentiation, 8 7 Income, cash, 71; crop, 68; livestock, 68; ownbusiness , 68; sources of cash, 84; wage, 71 Income, crop, 68 Income, nonmonetary (subsistence), 64; real household, 18 3 Income terms of trade, 20 Incomes, method for analyzing household, 159; urban, 154 Incomes, 18 3 Independence, 1 0 India, 20 Inequality, 81 Inflation, 31 Informal sector, 48 Informal sector activities, 26 Institutional changes, 10 International Labour Office (ILO) , 58, 64 Iringa, 8 Italy, 20 Jamal, 41-2 Japan, 20 Jolly, 2 Kavishe, 13 6 Kenya, 5, 20 Kilimanjaro, 8 Kondoa, 8 Kristjanson et al., 13 4 Krugman, 42 Lake Victoria, 5 Lake Tanganyika, 5 Lake Nyasa, 5 Land Resources Development Centre, 7 Laspeyres volume indices, 20 Leonard, 12 5 Lipumba et al., 49, 50 Livestock income, 68 Lofchie, 29, 12 4 Lorri...