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>> 203 Bibliographic Essay This section is arranged by chapter. Introduction The most comprehensive study of diseases during the colonial era and the source I have relied on extensively is John Duffy, Epidemics in Colonial America (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1971). An important analysis of the power of suggestion in medicine is Arthur K. Shapiro and Elaine Shapiro, The Powerful Placebo: From Ancient Priest to Modern Physician (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1997). Information on Dr. Adam Thomson is in Elaine G. Breslaw, Dr. Alexander Hamilton and Provincial America: Expanding the Orbit of Scottish Culture (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2008). References to the status of the medical profession in the eighteenth century are taken from Roy Porter, “A Touch of Danger: The Man-Midwife as Sexual Predator,” in Sexual Underworlds of the Enlightenment, ed. George Rousseau and Roy Porter (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987) [207]; Richard Brown, The Healing Arts,” in Medicine in Massachusetts (Boston : CSM, 1980) [40]; David Wootton, Bad Medicine: Doctors Doing Harm since Hippocrates (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007); and Ronald Numbers “Fall and Rise of the American Medical Profession,” in Sickness and Health: Readings in the History of Medicine and Public Health, ed. Judith Walzer Leavitt and Ronald L. Numbers (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985), 185–96. On the backward nature of the American medical profession and its therapies in the nineteenth century, see especially William G. Rothstein, “Botanical Movements and Orthodox Medicine” in Other Healers: Unorthodox Medicine in America, ed. Norman Gevitz (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1988), 29–51; and John Harley Warner, “Power, Conflict, and Identity in Mid-Nineteenth-Century American Medicine: Therapeutic Change at the Commercial Hospital in Cincinnati,” JAH (1987): 934–56. On the training of American medical students in Paris and of Oliver Wendell Homes’s 204 > 205 The arguments against the Mann thesis regarding genetic differences are in Paul Kelton, Epidemics and Enslavement: Biological Catastrophe in the Native Southeast, 1492–1715 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007); David S. Jones, “Virgin Soils Revisited,” WMQ 60 (2003): 703–42 [the quote by Samoset is on 72 and by John Smith on 721]; and Douglas H. Ubelaker, “Patterns of Disease in Early North American Population” in A Population History of North America, ed. Michael R. Haines and Richard Steckel (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000). See also Alfred W. Crosby, “Virgin Soil Epidemics as a Factor in the Aboriginal Population in America,” WMQ 33 (1976): 298–99. Firsthand observations of Indian medical practices and health problems are William Bartram, Travels through North and South Carolina , Georgia . . . . (Philadelphia, 1791); John Brickell, Natural History of North Carolina (London, 1737); and John Lawson, A New Voyage to Carolina (London, 1709). For the most comprehensive compilation of estimates of the Native American population, see Herbert Klein, Population History of the United States (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004); and John D. Daniels, “The Indian Population of North America in 1492,” WMQ 49 (1992): 298–20. The syphilis controversy is argued by Mann, 1491; Crosby, Columbian Exchange; Kelton, Epidemics; McNeill, Plagues; Mirko D. Grmek, History of Aids: Emergence and Origin of a Modern Pandemic, trans. Russell C. Maulitz and Jacalyn Duffin (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990); and Clade Quétel, The History of Syphilis, trans. Judith Braddock and Brian Pike (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990). See also John Tennent, Every Man His Own Doctor: or, the Poor Planters Physician (Williamsburg, Virginia, 1734). Chapter 2: Epidemics Ola Elizabeth Winslow, Destroying Angel: The Conquest of Smallpox in Colonial Boston (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974) provides a dramatic and detailed description of smallpox and the inoculation controversy in Massachusetts . She quotes Douglass 86–87. Cotton Mather, Angel of Bethesda, ed. Gordon W. Jones (Barre, MA: American Antiquarian Society, 1972) describes his gradual awareness of the procedure, 107. Dr. Hamilton’s comments on Douglass are in Carl Bridenbaugh, The Itinerarium of Dr. Alexander Hamilton , 1744 (1948; repr., Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992), 116–117. Also of interest are the older works by John T. Barrett, “Inoculation Controversy in Puritan New England,” BHM 12 (1942): 164–90; and John B. Blake, “The Inoculation Controversy in Boston: 1721–1722,” NEQ 25 (1952): 206 > 207 Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998); and Todd L. Savitt, Medicine and Slavery: The Diseases and Health Care of Blacks in Antebellum Virginia (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978). The use of cinchona bark for malaria and the problems of dosage and quality are addressed in Andreas-Holger Maehle, Drugs on...

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