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174 174 ‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ص‬��‫ع‬ � ‫ش‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ت‬ ‫ش‬�‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫ل‬���� � ‫ف‬ ‫ب‬ ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ � �‫�د‬� �‫ق‬‫ت‬ � ��‫ق‬‫ت‬�� � ‫ه‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬�‫ت‬ � ��‫س‬� � � ‫ڡ‬ � � ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ى‬ � ‫م‬�‫ل‬�� � � � � � �‫د‬‫و‬�‫ع‬ � ‫�د‬� ��‫ب‬ � � � * � ‫ه‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬�� ��‫س‬� ‫م‬ �‫و‬�� ‫ص‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ط‬ �� � ‫ب‬ ��‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � � �‫ح‬ � ‫ا‬�� � � �‫ر‬ � ��‫س‬��‫م‬� � ‫ه‬�‫ل‬��� �‫ل‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ � �� ��‫ب‬ ��‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫ل‬ � � �‫�م‬� � ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � � ‫ه‬�� ��‫ئ‬ ‫ل‬�‫ا‬�‫ش‬ ‫��س‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ * ‫ع‬ �‫م‬ ����‫ل‬��‫ل‬�� � ‫ه‬�� ��‫ئ‬ ‫ل‬�‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬� � ���� �‫ل‬��‫ل‬� � � ‫ه‬�� �‫ئ‬ ‫ل‬�‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫ر‬ � ‫ع‬� ‫ب‬ ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ � � ‫��س‬ �‫ر‬ � ‫ل‬‫و‬�� * ‫ع‬ � ‫ب‬ � � �‫س‬��‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ � � ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬‫و‬�‫م‬� ‫ع‬ � ‫ب‬ �� �‫و‬�‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫���د‬ ‫ر‬‫�ص‬ � ‫م‬� � � � � ‫ا‬‫و‬����‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ى‬ � ‫ش‬ ���‫م‬�‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬��‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ��‫ب‬ �� * ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬� � � � � ‫م‬ �‫ا‬�‫ش‬ �‫�ع‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬��‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�� � �� � ‫ا‬ ‫س‬�� ّ ‫د‬��� � * ‫ل‬� � ‫و‬� � ‫م‬ � � ‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � * ‫ع‬ � ‫ب‬ �� �� � ‫ل‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ �� � �� ‫ر‬‫�د‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � * ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � ‫ا‬‫و‬� ‫ش‬ ��� ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫م‬� َ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ � ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ � �� �‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � � � ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � ‫ا‬�� � � ��‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ����‫ا‬�� � ‫م‬� ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ى‬ � � ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ � �� �‫ا‬�‫ب‬�� ‫ج‬ � ‫ر‬‫��ص‬‫ا‬‫و‬�� � �‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�� ��‫و‬�� ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬�� ‫عم‬ � ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � � �‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�� �� ‫ى‬ � �‫�د‬� �� ‫ل‬��� � ‫ب‬ � �‫ا‬‫و‬�� *‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ � ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ئ‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ �� �‫ا‬‫و‬�� � �� �‫ئ‬ ��‫ا‬�� �‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ � ‫ع‬�‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫ئ‬ ‫ا‬�‫ط‬ �� � �� � ‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � * ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ �‫ئ‬ ‫�ل‬‫ا‬‫م�د‬� ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫م‬�َ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ � � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ ‫س‬� ��� ‫ج‬ � ‫ئ‬ � ‫ا‬‫و‬��� � ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � * ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � � �‫و‬� ‫ب‬ ��‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ى‬ � � � ‫ب‬� � � ّ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ *‫ر‬‫ب‬ ��� � �� ‫ا‬ ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ �‫م‬�‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ ��� �‫ا‬‫و‬�‫ه‬� ‫ا‬�‫م‬� ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �‫�ع‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫��د‬ ��� � � �� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ � � ‫ئ‬ ��‫ش‬ ‫�س‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�� ��‫ب‬ � � � * ‫ه‬�‫ل‬�‫ل‬��� � � �‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ر‬� �� ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ � * ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� ّ ‫ل‬��‫ب‬ � � � �‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ئ‬��‫ا‬‫ر‬ � ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ ��ْ ‫و‬� َ � �‫و‬�� * � ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬��‫م‬�‫و‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬‫د‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ك‬��‫ب‬��‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � * ‫ل‬� � َ ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ َ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬� � ْ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ َ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫���د‬ � ‫ه‬� ّ �� � ‫ب‬ � � ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬�‫س‬�� ‫ب‬ ��� ��‫و‬�� * ‫ل‬�‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ �‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� �‫ب‬ ��‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ * ‫ج‬ ��� ‫ل‬�‫ب‬ ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ّ ‫ى‬ � � �‫ب‬ � ‫ى‬ � ‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬‫د‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ � �‫و‬�‫ع‬ � ‫د‬�‫ل‬ � ��‫ه‬�� ��‫و‬�‫ع‬ � ‫د‬ � �‫د‬��‫ب‬ � �‫و‬� ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ � � * ‫ب‬ ‫�س‬ ��‫م‬� � ��‫ل‬� � ‫ك‬��‫م‬�‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ل‬ � ��‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� �� ‫ب‬ ��ّ ‫ر‬ � ‫ع‬�‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫�د‬ � � � �‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ب‬ ��� �‫ك‬ � �� * ‫ج‬ �‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � � ‫ب‬ �‫ل‬‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� � ‫ه‬�َ ‫�م‬ َ � �‫و‬�� * ‫ج‬ ��� ‫ل‬��� � �� � ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�� ��‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ا‬ � ّ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ * ‫ج‬ �‫ا‬�‫م‬����‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ �‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫ا‬�� �� ‫ا‬�‫م‬� � �‫ل‬�� � � � �‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�� �� �‫س‬��� ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � ‫ى‬ � ‫ع‬�‫و‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� �‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ �‫ل‬ � � �‫ل‬��‫ب‬ ‫ل‬�‫ا‬ ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ح‬ �‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� � � � ‫ك‬ � � ‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ �� �‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�� �‫و‬��‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ � � ‫م‬� ‫د‬‫و‬���� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ح‬ �‫ر‬‫ا‬‫و‬� ‫ب‬ � � � �‫ك‬ � � � ‫ش‬ ‫�س‬�‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ � ‫ش‬ � ‫ع‬ � � ‫ل‬�‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬ � � �‫و‬��‫ر‬‫ع‬ �‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫آ‬ �� ‫ل‬�� ��‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ � ‫ب‬ �� �� �‫و‬�� * ‫ع‬ � � ‫ل‬�‫ر‬‫��ص‬ ‫ل‬� � ‫و‬� � ��‫ل‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬ َ ‫ح‬ � َ ‫ل‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� � � �‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬�‫س‬��‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬�‫س‬�� � ��‫ب‬ ��‫ا‬ ‫م‬ � ��� � ��‫ب‬ ��‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � * � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ ��‫ل‬��� ‫ل‬�‫ئ‬ ‫و‬�‫م‬� �‫و‬� ‫ب‬ � �‫و‬�� ‫م‬�� � �� � ‫و‬�� * � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ ��‫ل‬��� �‫ب‬ � � ‫م‬� ‫م‬ � ‫ئ‬ �‫ا‬�‫م‬�� � ‫م‬�� �� �‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬�‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� �‫�د‬‫ب‬ �‫ع‬ � � �‫د‬��‫ب‬ � �‫و‬� ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ � � ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ � �‫��د‬ ��� � ١٫١٣٫٢ ٢٫١٣٫٢ ٣٫١٣٫٢ ٤٫١٣٫٢ 175 175 Chapter 13 A Maqāmah to Make You Sit I shall not sleep well tonight unless I compose a maqāmah first. I have made it the custom of my pen at this point150 to do nothing but rhyme, producing elegant periods that charm the mind and are appetizing and pleasing to the ear. I thus declare: Faid al-Hāwif ibn Hifām in lifping tones, “Once, as I walked through Cairo’s markets, my eyes o’er their attractions wandering aglaze, the beauty of their sideways-glancing girls absorbing my gaze, overtaken by camels from its every zone, so that now I was against this wall crushed, now at the foot of that one thrown, at one moment placing my hand over my eye, at another over something that might smaller or larger be, a young man signaled to me from a store he seemed to own—a youth bearing every sign of prestige and high-standing—with an agitation that pierced one’s chest and settled there to rest. “‘If you like,’ said he, ‘climb up here with me, till this crush of camels has dispersed and the hideous climax of these distressing straits has passed its worst, for you are to us as a close friend and to do you honor I intend.’ I found his invitation as compelling as ‘Hie ye to security!’151 so said, ‘None refuses the offers of the kind but he who’s devoid of righteousness and to the path of prosperity is blind. How can I say no, when my limbs are once more about to be injured and the loads on your camels’ backs leave no place in this land, broad as it is, on which to make tracks?’ He smiled, indicating a wit quick to answer, a nature ever alert to render a favor. “Having climbed up to where he was, I found with him a party of men each wearing a turban of a different fashion,152 their faces full of goodnatured compassion. After I’d uttered a friendly salutation them to greet and 2.13.1 2.13.2 2.13.3 2.13.4 [3.141.100.120] Project MUSE (2024-04-24 12:47 GMT) 176 176 ‫ة‬ �‫ع�د‬ �‫ة‬ ��‫م‬� ‫ة‬ ��‫م‬�‫ا‬�‫ة‬ ‫ع‬�‫م‬� ‫ة‬ � � ‫ف‬ � � � ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ل‬���� � �‫و‬� ‫ب‬ ��‫ا‬�� � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ر‬ ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬� � � � � * ‫ا‬‫��د‬ �� ��‫س‬� ‫م‬�� � ‫ب‬ �� ��‫ب‬ �� ‫ا‬�‫م‬� � � ‫ئ‬ ‫ا‬ّ ‫و‬� ‫ب‬ ‫ص‬� ‫�ل‬‫و‬�� * ‫ا‬‫د‬ ّ ‫د‬‫و‬�� ‫ص‬‫م‬� � �‫�م‬ ّ ‫ل‬��‫س‬�� ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ل‬�� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ ��َ ‫ش‬ �‫ك‬ � �� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �‫ل‬��� � ‫ب‬ � �‫و‬�� * ‫ى‬ � � � ‫ب‬ �‫س‬‫ط‬ � ��� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �‫ل‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫ش‬ ‫�س‬� ‫�د‬ � � � � ‫ل‬� � ‫دا‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫ك‬�‫ل‬��‫س‬�� ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �‫ع‬ �‫س‬� ‫م‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ط‬ �� �� � ‫ب‬ ��� �� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ * ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ � � ‫ك‬ � � ‫ا‬�� �‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� �ّ ‫و‬��‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ه‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ � � ‫ك‬‫ر‬‫�د‬� ‫���س‬‫م‬�‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ ��‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ا‬�ّ‫ب‬ �‫م‬� ‫ل‬��‫ك‬ � �� ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫ر‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫و‬�‫ه‬ � ‫ب‬ � � � * ‫ى‬ � ‫ح‬ �‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ �‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �‫م‬�‫ر‬‫ص‬�‫ا‬‫و‬�‫ه‬� ‫ا‬�‫م‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�� ��‫د‬ ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ � ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ش‬ �‫ح‬ �‫ب‬ �‫ل‬‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ �� � ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�� � ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � ‫س‬��� ��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ * ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ � � ‫ك‬ � � ‫ا‬�� �‫س‬�‫و‬�� ‫ك‬ َ ‫ر‬ َ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬ �‫و‬��‫د‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫م‬ � � �� �� � ‫ط‬ �� � ‫ش‬ ‫م‬��‫و‬�� * ‫ا‬ ّ ‫د‬َ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫و‬�‫م‬� � � ‫ب‬ �� ّ ‫ل‬��‫ك‬ � �� ‫�د‬� ��‫ب‬ � � � ‫ل‬� � ���� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�� � ‫ب‬ � �‫ر‬‫ص‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � �� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ � �‫ل‬��� ��‫ب‬ � � � * ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫س‬�� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ل‬��‫ك‬ � � �‫ل‬�� * ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ ��‫س‬��‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ا‬‫و‬�‫ط‬ �� �� �� ‫ب‬ ��� �‫ل‬��� � ‫ل‬�‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� *‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ ��‫س‬��‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ح‬ �‫ا‬��� �‫ب‬ �� � ����‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ * ‫ا‬ ّ ‫د‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫م‬ �‫ل‬ � � �‫س‬ �‫س‬� ‫ى‬ � ‫م‬�‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ ‫ط‬ �� �� �‫ب‬ ‫�ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫ل‬ � �� ‫ر‬‫ص‬�‫و‬�‫ه‬� ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫ا‬�‫ش‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫���د‬ ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬� � � � � * ‫ا‬�‫م‬� � � ‫و‬� � ‫م‬ � � ‫ا‬�� ��‫ل‬�� ُ ‫ب‬ � �‫و‬�� * ‫ا‬�‫م‬�� �‫ل‬��‫س‬�� ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ �� �� � �� � ‫ى‬ �‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ع‬ � ‫ب‬ �� �� � �� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � �� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫ع�د‬ � ‫ا‬ ّ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � َ � � � ْ �� �َ ‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫دا‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬�� ‫ل‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � � �‫ل‬�� � � � � * ‫ه‬�� ��‫ور‬�� ‫ا‬�� � ‫م‬� ‫ل‬���� �� � ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � �‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�� ��‫ر‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ب‬ ‫�س‬ ��‫ب‬ �‫م‬�‫و‬�‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫�س‬ ��‫م‬�‫ل‬��‫س‬��‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ه‬‫لل‬ ‫د‬�� ‫م‬�‫ح‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�‫ب‬��‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫ا‬ * ‫م‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ك‬ � �� ‫ك‬��‫ب‬ �‫ع‬ � ‫ه‬‫لل‬‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ � ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ � � � * ‫م‬ � ‫ل‬ ��‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬� � � � � * ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫�دا‬َ ‫ع‬ � ‫د‬��� �‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�‫ش‬ ‫�س‬�‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫د‬‫و‬��‫د‬‫و‬��� � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫���د‬ ‫ى‬ �‫ب‬ �‫ح‬ �‫ا‬��� � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�‫ل‬��� ‫ل‬�‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬��� ��‫و‬�� ‫ه‬�� �� �‫و‬�‫ب‬ ��‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫و‬����‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫ل‬‫و‬�� ‫ه‬‫لل‬‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫و‬�� ‫د‬‫ا‬�� ��� �‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫م‬� � ‫ه‬�� � َّ ‫س‬�‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ � ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫د‬‫و‬�‫ه‬ �� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬�‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ � ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ى‬ � �‫ر‬ ‫ا‬��� �‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬�‫و‬�‫ه‬� * ‫د‬‫و‬���� ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ � �‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � �َ ‫ر‬ َ � � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� �� � ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬�� ‫ل‬� �� ‫م‬� ‫ك‬ ��‫ه‬�� � ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ �� � ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ش‬ �‫ح‬ �‫ب‬ �‫ل‬‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫س‬��‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � ��‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �‫ع‬ �‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬ ‫�د‬ � � � � ‫ا‬� ّ‫ب‬��‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫د‬‫و‬�� �‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ � * ‫��س�د‬‫ا‬�‫ب‬ ��‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ط‬ �� � � � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� � �‫��س�د‬‫ب‬ ��‫س‬� � �‫ا‬‫ر‬‫�ص‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ � � � � �� ‫ل‬�‫ط‬ �� � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫م‬ � ‫ع‬ �‫ب‬ ‫�ر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ه‬�‫ب‬��‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫�ص‬ �‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬ * ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬� ّ ‫ب‬ � � ‫ح‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫�د‬ � � � �‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�‫م‬�� �‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ �� �� � � ‫ع‬�‫س‬� ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬���‫د‬‫ا‬�‫س‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ � �‫و‬��‫و‬�� * ‫�د‬� ��‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � � �‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫س‬� � َ‫ب‬ � � َ‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� � � � ّ ‫ل‬��‫ط‬ �� � ‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬�‫�م‬ � � � ‫ه‬�‫م‬�‫�د‬‫ب‬ �‫م‬�‫و‬�� 1‫ب‬ �‫و‬�‫ش‬ ‫ص‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � �� ‫و‬�� * ‫ل‬� � ���� �‫ب‬ �‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬�� �‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � ��‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ � �‫و‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�د‬‫ب‬ �‫ع‬ � ‫ب‬ �‫و‬�� � � �� ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ��‫ا‬ � �‫�م‬‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ � �‫و‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ * ‫ه‬�‫م‬�� � ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫س‬� � ‫ل‬��‫ب‬ � � � � ‫م‬ � � ‫ا‬� * ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ �‫ع‬ � ‫ل‬� � ���‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬ � �‫و‬� ‫ب‬ ���� ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ * ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ �‫م‬� � �� �‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬�� ‫ل‬� � �‫ر‬‫د‬‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � � ‫ه‬� ‫ب‬ � � �‫و‬� � ‫م‬ � �‫و‬�‫م‬� * ‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫�د‬� ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ �‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ * ‫س‬��‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � � � � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� �‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � � ‫ع‬�‫ب‬ ‫ل‬�‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � � � ‫ش‬ �����‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬�‫م‬� ‫ه‬�� �‫س‬� ‫ش‬ ‫س‬��� ��� �� ‫ل‬� ‫ل‬�‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� * ‫ا‬�� � � ��‫د‬‫و‬�‫م‬� ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� � � � ‫م‬� � � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫ل‬� � ‫و‬�� * ‫ا‬�� � � ��‫ر‬� ‫ل‬‫ر‬‫��ص‬ * ‫ا‬�� � ‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬�� ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ �‫م‬� ‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬��‫م‬� ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬� �‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫س‬��‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫س‬��� ��‫ل‬� � ‫�د‬� ��‫و‬�� * ‫س‬��‫ا‬�� ��‫و‬�� ‫د‬�� � � �‫ب‬‫ل‬‫و‬�� * ‫س‬��‫ا‬�‫ئ‬ � � ��‫ب‬ ��‫ا‬‫و‬�� � ‫ه‬�‫ش‬ ‫��س‬‫ح‬ �‫و‬��‫و‬�� * ‫ا‬�� � ‫ئ‬ ��‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬ ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ �‫ع‬ � �� ‫ل‬�� �� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ش‬ � ‫ب‬ �‫ل‬��� ‫ل‬� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬��‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ا‬�� � ‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬�� �‫م‬� ‫ر‬� �� ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ � ‫ه‬�‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬�� �‫م‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ � �‫�د‬� ��� �‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� . ‫ف‬ �‫و‬ ‫ش‬ ��‫ل‬ � :1855 1 ٥٫١٣٫٢ ٦٫١٣٫٢ 177 177 A Maqāmah to Make You Sit found among them a seat, I was asked by the owner of the store, ‘In a debate that since the middle of the morning has kept us busy, would you care to take your turn (a debate for which we’ve made our ears like the cloth that’s spread to catch the crumbs beneath the quern)? From each to each the turn’s relayed, each one’s opening words amplifying, in sequence, what the last one said, there being no punishment or consequences to be paid, for it’s not a matter here of calling religion into question; it’s an issue into which any may make investigation.’ “‘You ask of me a terrible thing,’ said I, ‘and go too far by including me among your ranks, if your appeal be to the mind, for I’m no book-worm, but rather one to roaming and travel inclined. If, though, your appeal is to natural intuition, then mine, naturally, is sound, just as upright is my disposition.’ ‘The second,’ said he, ‘is the point round which it all revolves, the factor in our discussion that will lead to a decision.’ ‘Fill, then,’ said I, ‘my ears with your debate and throw upon my back the matched loads of argument between which you hesitate.’ ‘Know,’ said he, God save you all grief, ‘that I, to God be thanks, am a Muslim who to God and His messenger, His inspiration and His revelation, owes belief. My dear friend here (and he pointed to one of the seated) is a Christian, the other a Jew, the next a man with no ideas of his own, who to neither belief nor unbelief will hew. Know too that the debate whose cup we’ve wrested from each other in turn, and in which we’ve taken as many separate ways as pilgrims leaving ʿArafāt,153 has matrimony as its concern. “‘Now, the Christian claims that to divorce a woman is a very grave sin, an occasion for regret bringing its initiator naught but trouble and chagrin. The proof of its evil, according to his claim and in keeping with his degree of comprehension, is...

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