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134 134 ‫ع‬ �‫س‬��‫ا‬�‫ت‬ ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫ل‬���� � ‫ف‬ ‫ب‬ ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�‫ع‬� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ � �‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫�ص‬�‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�‫م‬�� �‫ع‬ ‫ب‬ � � � � ‫ه‬�ّ � �‫ب‬ ‫�ل‬‫و‬�� � � �‫ب‬‫ل‬ � �� �‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬ � ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫د‬��‫ل‬� � ‫�د‬� �‫م‬� � �‫�د‬‫ئ‬ ��‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ � �‫و‬���� ‫ل‬�‫ع‬ � ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬�‫م‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬�‫ئ‬ �� ‫�ل‬‫ا‬�‫ب‬�� � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �‫�ع‬ ‫ه‬�‫ب‬��‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫�س‬ ��� � � ‫ك‬ � � ‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫م��ص‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫�د‬‫ب‬ �‫ع‬ � ‫ب‬ � � ��‫ل‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫د‬��� � * ‫س‬��‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � � � � ّ ‫ل‬��� �� ‫ل‬� ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ �� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�� ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � َ � ‫ل‬ � � �� َ ‫ل‬�� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫س‬��‫و‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬�� ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ح‬ �‫ا‬��� � ‫ل‬� � ‫و‬� � ‫م‬ � � ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬��‫ع‬ �‫و‬�� * ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫س‬�� ‫ب‬ � ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫ل‬ � � �‫�م‬� � � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �� � �� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ج‬ � ‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫��ص‬‫و‬�� * ‫م‬ � ��� ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ر‬ َّ ‫و‬�� � � �ُ � ‫ل‬ � �‫�د‬� � َ ‫ل‬�� ُ ‫ب‬ � � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬��‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ � ‫ب‬ � ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� ��� � ‫ب‬ ‫�ل‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ �‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫�د‬‫ب‬ �‫ع‬ �‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � * ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ �‫ل‬�� � � � �‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�� ����‫ك‬ � �� ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫ل‬ � � �‫�م‬� � � �‫و‬���� ‫ل‬�� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬�‫ل‬ � �� ‫و‬�� � ‫ه‬�‫م‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬�‫ل‬ � �� ‫و‬�� � ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫و‬�‫ه‬ ����‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ �‫س‬� ‫ا‬�� � �� � ‫ا‬��� �‫ئ‬ � � ��‫س‬��‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�� � � �‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ �� � � � � � � ‫ه‬�� ‫س‬ ‫ش‬ ���‫ا‬�� �‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �� �‫ا‬��� � ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫�ص‬ � �� � ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬��� �� ��‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ � ��� ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� � ‫ا‬�� � ‫ل‬���� � ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫ل‬ � � �‫�م‬� � �� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ � � � � �‫�د‬� �‫ل‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫�د‬‫ب‬ �‫ع‬ � � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �‫م‬�‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ * ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬�‫س‬ �‫س‬� ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫م‬�� � ‫ب‬ ��� ‫ل‬� ‫م‬ � � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬��� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫و‬��� � ‫و‬�� � ‫ه‬�� ‫س‬ ‫ش‬ ���‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫�د‬‫ب‬ �� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ج‬ � ‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫��ص‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫�د‬‫ب‬ �‫ع‬ � � �‫�د‬� �‫ل‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫و‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫�د‬‫ش‬ ‫�س‬� � �‫ع�د‬ � ‫ا‬� � � � � ‫ل‬��‫ك‬ � � �‫ل‬�� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � *‫ر‬‫�د‬‫ب‬�� ‫ا‬�‫م‬� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬�‫ش‬ ��‫و‬��‫ر‬‫و‬�‫م‬� ‫ر‬� �� ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ � � � � �‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫��ص‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬����‫ا‬ �� ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ى‬ � �‫�د‬‫ب‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ك‬��� ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�‫ش‬ ‫�س‬�‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ � � ��‫ل‬� � ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ش‬ �‫م‬� *‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ � � ‫ا‬��� � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� � ‫ا‬‫بر‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � ��� ‫ه‬�‫ش‬ ��‫ر‬‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ص‬‫م‬� ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ � ‫ب‬ � ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫ل‬ � � �‫�م‬� � ‫�د‬� ��‫ب‬ � � � * �‫د‬��‫ل‬� � ‫و‬�� ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �‫م‬� � � � ‫ل‬��‫ط‬ �� �‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬ �� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ب‬ � � ��‫ل‬��‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ � �‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ر‬‫و‬�‫ص‬� � � � ‫م‬� ‫و‬�‫ه‬� ‫ا‬�‫م‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ك‬�‫ل‬��‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬�‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�� ��� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ � �‫س‬‫ط‬ �� �� �� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ � ‫ب‬ � ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫�د‬‫ب‬ �‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � * ‫ا‬�� �� ‫�ل‬‫و‬� ‫ب‬ �� ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � ��‫ك‬�‫ل‬��‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬� ‫ل‬‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬��� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫ب‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫و‬�� � � �� ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ �‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ �� �� ��‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� � ‫ه‬�� � ‫ب‬ � � ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � � �‫�د‬� �‫ل‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬‫و‬�� � ‫ه‬�‫م‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ � � � ‫ل‬��‫ط‬ �� � ‫م‬� ‫ع‬ �‫م‬ � � �‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ �� � ‫�د‬ � � � �‫و‬�� * ّ ‫ى‬ � �‫ب‬ ‫ر‬� ��� � �� ‫ر‬‫ص‬� ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬� ��� � � � � ‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ص‬� ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬� ��� � �� ‫ر‬‫�ص‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬�‫م‬�� � ‫ب‬ �‫م‬� ّ ‫ل‬��‫ك‬ � �� ‫ل‬���� �‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫و‬�� * � ‫ه‬�� �‫�ع‬‫ا‬�‫ب‬ ‫س‬� �‫م‬� ‫ر‬� �� ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ � � ‫ه‬�� �‫ب‬ ‫�ل‬‫ا‬�‫ش‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� � ‫ه‬�� �‫�ع‬‫ا‬�‫ب‬ ‫س‬� �‫م‬� ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫و‬�� � �� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� �‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ � �� �‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ �� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ � � � * ‫م‬�� �� �‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫م‬ �‫د‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � �� �‫س‬‫ط‬ � ��� ‫ى‬ � ‫ه‬ � ‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ر‬‫ص‬� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � �‫و‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬‫�د‬‫ب‬ ��‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ش‬ �‫د‬��� �� � ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � �� ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � * � �‫�د‬� �‫ل‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �� � �� � ‫ا‬ ‫ش‬ �‫دا‬��� �‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � �� ُ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫���د‬ ّ ‫ك‬��� �‫و‬�� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � �� �‫س‬‫ط‬ � ��� ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫���د‬ ‫ب‬ ‫�س‬ ��� � � �‫��س‬ � � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫ل‬ � � �‫�م‬� � ١٫٩٫٢ 135 135 Chapter 9 That to which I Have Alluded The definition of a title in the minds of Orientals is that it is an insignificant fleshy protuberance or a flap of skin,111 or an extra bag hung onto an already loaded camel, that dangles from a man’s essential being. The author of the Qāmūs has said, “ʿalāqā means ‘titles,’ because they are hung onto people (li-annahā tuʿallaqu ʿalā l-nās).” To Occidentals, which is to say Franks, it is a second skin that wraps itself around the body. Our commentary on this is that an insignificant protuberance may be cut off and totally excised with ease, and the same goes for the skin tag and the extra bag, which may be overturned or inverted; the second skin, however, cannot be removed from the body without harm to its owner. Our super-commentary—for every commentary must have a super-commentary, however incomprehensible— is that the skin flap is not hereditary among the people of the East, or only rarely so (and every rule must have its exceptions). Among Franks, on the other hand, the second skin is passed from older to younger by inheritance. Examples of the former are the titles Bāshā (“Pasha”), Bēh (“Bey”), Afandī (“Effendi”), and Aghā (“Agha”). Even Malik (“King”) is limited in its application to the person so titled and is not extrapolated from him to his son, for the son of a minister or a king may be a clerk or a sailor. Among Franks, however, it is incorrect to refer to the son of a marquis as a “marquisito” or as being “marquisate.”112 Regardless of the fact that the former is finite and the latter infinite, the essential meanings of “skin flap” and “second skin” may converge at a certain point, in that both generally have their origin in an itch that affects the bodies of those in positions of power because of the aggravation caused them by their blood. Such aggravation cannot be quieted, and such itches cannot be scratched, without creating either a flap or a second skin. 2.9.1 [3.144.33.41] Project MUSE (2024-04-26 09:13 GMT) 136 136 ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ � �‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫��ص‬‫ا‬‫ا‬�‫م‬�� � ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ش‬ �� �‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫م‬ � ‫ش‬ � * ‫ه‬� ‫ب‬ � � �‫ر‬ � �� � � � � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ب‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫د‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� ‫ل‬‫�د‬ � ��‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫�د‬� �� ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � �� ‫ل‬�‫ش‬ �‫م‬� ‫ب‬ � ‫ب‬ �� � ‫ب‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ك‬�‫ل‬��‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�‫ب‬��‫ا‬�� �‫ب‬ ‫�ل‬‫و‬�� * ‫ب‬ � ‫ب‬ �� � ‫ب‬ � �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ � �‫ر‬‫و‬� ‫ش‬ �� ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ش‬ ‫��س‬ � ��‫س‬�� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫���د‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬ ّ ‫ل‬ � � �‫�س‬� �‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ �� �‫ر‬ � ��� �‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬� � ��‫ر‬� � ‫ع‬ �� � ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬� ‫ش‬ ‫��س‬‫ب‬ � ‫�د‬ � ��‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬ � ‫ل‬��‫س‬�� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � �� � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � �� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� � �‫�د‬� �‫ل‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ � � � �‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫ل‬‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � � ‫ه‬�ّ � � � ‫�ل‬‫ر‬‫ع‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬�ّ � �‫�ع‬‫ا‬�‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� � ‫ه‬�� �‫ب‬ ‫�ل‬‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � �� �‫س‬‫ط‬ � ��� ‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬�� � ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬�� �‫ك‬ � � �‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ � �� �� � ‫ل‬��� � ‫ب‬ � �‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫ب‬ �‫و‬��‫ر‬ � ‫ع‬�‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬� � ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬‫�د‬� �� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ب‬ �� ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ �� � ‫م‬ � � ‫ا‬� ‫و‬�� � �‫�د‬ ‫ب‬ ��‫و‬�‫م‬� � ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬��� � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬��‫ا‬‫ر‬ � � � � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� ��‫ب‬ �� ‫ا‬�� �‫ب‬ �� ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��� � � � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� � � * �‫د‬��‫ل‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫ع‬ �‫ب‬ � � � ‫ا‬�‫ش‬ ‫�س‬� ‫م‬ � ��� ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ �‫و‬�� ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫ب‬ �‫و‬� ‫ب‬ ‫�ص‬ � ‫ب‬ � �‫س‬� ‫م‬ � ��� ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ � * ‫ب‬ ‫�س‬ ��‫م‬���� ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ � ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�� �� � � � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ � �‫�د‬� �‫ل‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� � �‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �‫�ع‬ � �‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� � �� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬�‫و‬�� * � �� �� ��‫ب‬ � � � ‫د‬��� �‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫م‬ � ��� ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ � ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�� �� � � � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �� � �� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�� � ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ � ‫ع‬�� ����‫م‬� ‫ا‬�� � �� � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � ��‫ا‬�‫م‬� � ‫ه‬�� �‫ب‬ ‫�ل‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ � ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � * � ‫ه‬�� �‫ئ‬ ‫�ل‬‫ا‬‫و‬�‫ه‬�‫و‬�� � ‫ه‬�ّ � �‫ب‬ ‫�ل‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ � ‫ل‬ * ‫ب‬ ‫�س‬ ��‫ع‬ �‫و‬� ‫ب‬ �� ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫ى‬ � ‫ع‬�‫و‬�� � ‫ه‬�� ‫���س‬ ‫ئ‬ �‫ا‬�� ‫ب‬‫ل‬ � ��� ‫ا‬ ّ ‫ر‬ � ‫ع‬�� ����‫م‬� � ‫ه‬�� ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ش‬ � ‫ب‬ � � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� � � �� ‫ص‬‫ل‬��‫ش‬ ‫ل‬�‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � � ‫ب‬ �‫و‬�� � � �� ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � �� ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫و‬�� *‫ر‬‫�ص‬� ‫ش‬ �� ‫ل‬‫و‬�� ‫ه‬�� � ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � ‫ى‬ � ‫م‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬‫ر‬ � ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ل‬���� �‫ا‬ ‫م‬�� �� � ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � ‫ر‬‫ص‬�‫ا‬�� �� ‫و‬�‫ه‬ � ‫ب‬ � � � * �‫و‬�� � ‫ب‬ �‫و‬�� ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫و‬� ‫ش‬ ���‫ع‬ � ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫و‬��‫د‬‫و‬�� �� ‫س‬��‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � � �‫ر‬‫ص‬�َ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫و‬�� *‫�ر‬ ‫ل‬‫د‬ ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ب‬ �‫و‬�� � � �� ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬‫و‬�� ّ ‫�د‬‫ب‬ �� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ّ‫ب‬ ‫س‬�‫ع‬ �� ‫ل‬� ‫ا‬�‫م‬� ‫ب‬ ����‫ح‬ �‫ب‬ � ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ �� �� � � ‫ك‬ � � ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ����‫ح‬ �‫ب‬ � ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ �� � � �� � ‫ل‬�‫و‬�� ‫م‬ �‫ل‬ � � �� � � �‫و‬�� ‫ى‬ � ‫ه‬ � ‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬‫و‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ � �‫س‬�� ‫و‬�� * �‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬‫د‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ � �� � ‫ب‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � �‫و‬�� * �‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�� ��‫ب‬ � � � ‫�د‬‫ش‬ ‫��س‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬ �‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� �� �‫و‬�� * �‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫��ص‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ع‬ �� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �� ��‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � ���‫�د‬‫ب‬ �‫ع‬ � � ‫ه‬�� �‫ئ‬ ‫�ل‬‫ا‬‫و‬�‫ه‬ � �� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ ‫س‬ ‫ش‬ ���‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫و‬�� * �‫ر‬‫ا‬‫و‬�‫ط‬ �� �‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬��‫ع‬ �‫ر‬‫ل‬ � � �‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�� ��‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ه‬�� � ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � ‫س‬��‫ب‬ ��� �� � ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ه‬��� � ��‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � � �� � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬� � �‫ل‬ � ��� ‫ب‬ �‫ح‬ �‫ا‬��� � ‫ى‬ �‫ب‬ � � ‫ب‬ �‫و‬� � �� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫س‬��‫و‬� � ����‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬‫ر‬� �� � ‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �� � � � �� ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫و‬�� ‫م‬ �‫�د‬� ��� ‫ل‬� ‫ا‬�‫م‬� ‫س‬��‫ك‬ � � �� � ‫ر‬� �� ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ � * ‫م‬ �‫ا‬�‫ش‬ ‫��س‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫س‬��‫و‬�‫ل‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬�‫ا‬‫ر‬� �� � � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬‫م�د‬� ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬�� �‫ب‬ �� ‫م‬ �‫ل‬ � � �� �� �‫ل‬‫ل‬�� � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �� � �� � ‫ا‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫���د‬ �‫د‬�� ّ ‫ل‬�� � � � � �‫�د‬ ّ � ‫��س‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � * ‫ه‬��� � ��‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � �� ‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬ �‫ب‬ �‫س‬‫ط‬ �� �� �� ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫و‬� ‫ش‬ ���‫ع‬ � ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � �‫د‬‫و‬�� �� ‫ى‬ � � �‫ح‬ � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �‫�ع‬ ‫ب‬ ‫م�د‬� ‫ل‬����‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫د‬��� �‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬‫م�د‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫���د‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫س‬��� ��‫ل‬� � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬��‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� � � �‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� � �‫د‬��‫ع‬ � ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬� � ��‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ � � �� �� ��‫ب‬ � � � � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ � � ‫�ل‬‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ � � ‫م‬ � � ‫ا‬�� �‫ب‬ �� ‫د‬��‫ل‬��� ��� �‫م‬�‫و‬�‫ه‬ � ‫ب‬ � � � * � ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫س‬��‫ر‬ ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ � � �‫ك‬ � � �� ‫ل‬ ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬�� �‫ل‬ ‫ط‬ �� � ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � * ‫ك‬�‫ل‬��‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬�‫م‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ب‬ ‫ور‬�� *‫ر‬� ��‫م‬�� � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � *‫ر‬� ��‫م‬� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �‫�ع‬ ‫ب‬ �‫و‬� � ��‫ل‬��‫ط‬ �� �� �� ‫ا‬‫و‬� ‫ب‬ ��‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � ��‫ب‬ ‫س‬� ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫�س‬ ��‫م‬�‫�د‬� ��� �‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ا‬�‫م‬� � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ ���� �‫ب‬ �� �‫ر‬� �� ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� � ‫س‬� �‫ب‬ � � ‫ش‬ �‫س‬�� ‫د‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬�‫ب‬ ‫ل‬�‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�‫ل‬��‫ك‬ � �� ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� �‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ك‬�� َ ‫ب‬ �� َ ‫ع‬ � � ‫ه‬� � ��‫ر‬ � � � � ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬ �� � ‫ش‬ ‫س‬‫س‬�� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫و‬�� � �‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� � �� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � � �‫د‬‫و‬��‫��د‬ �‫س‬� ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ ��‫ا‬�� ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ � ����� ��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬ �� � ‫ش‬ ‫س‬‫س‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫م‬ � ‫ل‬ ��� �‫م‬ � � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � �‫ا‬‫و‬� ‫ب‬ � � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫م‬ � ‫ل‬ ��‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ � � ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � ‫ر‬� � ‫�د‬ � � � � � ‫ه‬�� �‫�ع‬‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ب‬� ّ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � �� ُ ‫ا‬ � �� ��� ‫ل‬�� � ‫ب‬ � �‫ا‬ ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ �� � ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬� ‫ش‬ ‫�س‬� ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�� �� �� � ‫ا‬�‫م‬� ‫ا‬�� � ‫ل‬��� ‫��س‬ � � � � � ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫س‬��� ��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ � �‫ا‬‫�د‬� �‫ل‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ٢٫٩٫٢ ٣٫٩٫٢ ٤٫٩٫٢ 137 137 That to which I Have Alluded The archetype of this would be a king getting angry, for example, with some man or other for an offense he had committed, that man sending him a naked intercessor to placate him, this intercession soothing the eruption of the king’s anger, the aggravational modality then combining with the gymnological quiddity, these two forming a second skin around the one who’d been in fear of losing his first skin through flaying, and he thenceforth flaunting this among his peers as a permanent adornment, never again to fear that fate might one day turn on him and gore him. In general, such second skins require two bodies—a body with which someone is angry and a body interceding on the former’s behalf—while, in general, the insignificant protuberance requires just one. One kind of insignificant protuberance is the ecclesiastical, which is of two sorts, the earth-bound and the air-borne. The earth-bound is that which has an abode or place of origin in the earth where it grows and bears fruit; such would be the case, for example, of some “catholicos” abiding in a house or a monastery who has authority over the people, who send him tithes and the like and whom he therefore commands, forbids, rules, and judges according to the requirements of the law, or whim. He is bound to have a secretary to keep his secrets off the books, to stiffen his backbone one or more cooks, a treasurer to hoard his golden dinars, a jail to hold anyone who differs from him in opinion or his ambitions bars, and so forth. The air-borne is the opposite of the preceding, an example being the protuberance borne by Metropolitan Atanāsiyūs al-Tutūnjī, author of The Leavings Pile Concerning Lame Style,113 whose master has invested him with it so that he can use it to rule over Levantine Tripoli, even though there are none of his sect in that city to send him his tithes, make him his food, or write a letter for him; he has been invested with it, it follows, simply for decorative purposes, in keeping with the custom of certain...

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