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14 The Problems of the Fourth EC Guideline and the Seventh EC Guideline Several Problem s i n Relatio n t o th e Principle s o f Regular Bookkeepin g I have repeatedly referre d t o the threefol d structur e o f the concep t of th e principle s o f regular bookkeeping , bu t I have no t ye t touche d on severa l problem s wit h th e principle s o f regula r bookkeepin g that ar e th e resul t o f changin g times . Th e firs t o f thes e i s a prob lem i n regar d t o th e Fourt h E C Guidelin e an d th e Sevent h E C Guideline. A second on e relate s t o th e Unio n Europeenn e de s Ex perts Comptables , Economique s e t Financier s (U.E.C.) . The thir d is th e proble m o f th e "declaratio n o f completeness " i n auditing . The fourt h relate s t o th e principle s o f regula r bookkeepin g whe n using electroni c dat a processing . As I am no t a schola r residin g i n an ivor y towe r bu t a businessma n whos e dail y lif e i s ru n o n a tight, minute-by-minut e schedule , pleas e allo w m e t o touc h o n these problems i n th e remainin g fou r chapter s o f this study . The Lega l Sourc e o f th e Fourt h E C Guideline an d th e Mai n Constituent o f th e Enterpris e t o Which I t Applie s What i s mean t b y th e E C (Europea n Communities) ? Thi s i s th e general nam e fo r th e EC M (Europea n Commo n Market) , EEC , EGKS (Europea n Communit y fo r Coa l an d Steel , Minin g Union) , ECSC, and EURATO M (Europea n Atomi c Community). Accordin g 197 198 Th e Problems of the Fourth E C Guideline to Gablers Business Dictionary (10t h ed. , 1979 ; Vol. 1 , p. 1116) , "The EC (European Communities ) wer e created durin g th e fifties primarily fo r politica l reason s (Minin g Union , 1952 ; EC M an d EURATOM, 1958 ) and t o create a united Europ e b y bringing th e European states together in commercial and technological areas." It i s onl y partiall y accurat e t o sa y tha t thi s happene d i n th e 1950s, however. According t o the 196 5 edition o f the Encyclopaedia Britannica, th e original for m o f a cooperative organizatio n i n Europe wa s th e ide a o f a custom s union , whic h aros e afte r th e Napoleonic Wars (1792-1815) , and a customs associatio n i n Ger many , whic h wa s create d i n 1834 . This wa s th e mos t importan t customs unio n prio r t o Worl d Wa r II , and i t wa s generall y con sidered a model. The groupin g fo r th e formatio n o f a cooperativ e organizatio n had begun in Europe in the early period of the twentieth century . Between Worl d Wa r I an d Worl d Wa r I I variou s kind s o f geo graphically based customs unions were attempted. All such effort s resulted i n failure , however , excep t one . The Benelu x Economi c Union, organize d i n Londo n i n 194 4 by th e government s o f Belgium , Netherlands , an d Luxembourg , wa s a successfu l custom s union. The y ha d t o wai t t o begi n thei r activitie s unti l Januar y 1948, however. Then , negotiations regardin g th e formatio n o f a n alliance betwee n Franc e an d Ital y resulte d i n failure . France , It aly , Belgium, th e Netherlands, Luxembourg , and th e Federal Re public o f Germany—thes e si x countries—bega n t o wor k a s th e...

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