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| 223 Index abolition of slavery, 74–75 abolition of the death penalty: arguments favoring, 115–116; federal judiciary, 92–93; gradualism, 64n7; imprisonment as alternative to death penalty, 5, 25–26, 98; inevitability of, 75, 121; international legal norms, 61; for murder, 155; politics, 16, 19, 157; public opinion, 121–122, 130; as top-down reform movement, 32, 75, 123, 130; transition from authoritarian regimes to democracy, 16; U.S. Supreme Court, 157; universal human rights, 1; as Western norm, 33, 60–61; worldwide movement toward, 14 abolition of the death penalty in: Austria, 118; Britain, 61, 88, 112, 113–114, 119; Eastern Europe, 119; England, 111, 149–155; Europe, 118–119; European Union, 18–19, 61, 66n21, 72, 75–79, 124; France, 61, 62, 63, 88, 118, 123; Germany, 60, 110, 111, 116–118; Ireland, 118; Italy, 60, 61, 118; Labour Party (United Kingdom), 88, 116, 118, 130, 147, 155, 156; Portugal, 61, 63, 119; Spain, 61, 63, 119; United Kingdom, 61, 62, 130; United States, 110, 119, 130 abolitionists’ self-image, 107 absolutism, 36–38, 57, 65n18, 66n24 African Commission on Human and People’s Rights, 71n113 Agamben, Giorgio, 206 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 11 Aikens v. California, 104n66 Alabama, 211 American Civil Liberties Union, 211 American Convention on Human Rights Protocol to Abolish the Death Penalty, 61 American exceptionalism: death penalty, 2–3, 14, 78, 107–108, 125; treatment of convicts, 219n72 American Federation of Labor, 209 Amsterdam, Anthony, 18 Anderson v. Salant, 209–210 anti-slavery movement, 74–75, 87 Arab Charter of Human Rights, 71n113 Asian Human Rights Charter, 71n113 Atkins v. Virginia, 7, 99 Auburn state prison (New York), 198–200, 207 Australia, 61 Austria, 16, 49, 60, 118 Badinter, Robert, 119 Ban, Ki-moon, 9 Bank of England and execution of forgers, 40, 134, 140–141, 145, 146 Banner, Stuart, 47, 120 Barbados, 17 Bayley, John, 145–146 Baze v. Rees, 6–7, 8, 100 Beattie, John, 47 Beccaria, Cesare, 57, 66n21, 107 Belgium, 61, 118 Benedict XVI, Pope, 7 “benefit of belly,” 42 “benefit of clergy,” 42 Bentham, Jeremy, 48, 57 Bentley, Derek, 154 Bethea, Rainey, 48 224 | Index biopolitics, 79–99; constitutional law, 93; death penalty, 81–82, 86–93, 98–99; definition , 83, 92; Europe, 90–92; Foucault and, Michel, 23, 74, 81, 91–92, 104n52; Furman v. Georgia, 74, 93–94, 96–98, 99; Great Society, 93; Gregg v. Georgia, 93; Harlan and, John, 95–96, 97–98; law, 86; McGautha v. California, 74, 93–96, 97–98, 99; politics of life, 87–88; race, 94; “socialization ” of justice, 89–90; sovereignty, 79–86; United States, 90–92; U.S. Supreme Court, 74, 93–99; Woodson v. North Carolina, 93 Birth of Biopolitics, The (Foucault), 86 Bismarck, Otto von, 117 Blackstone, William, 138 Blok, Anton, 43 Bloody Code, 41, 49 Boston Prison Discipline Society, 208–209 Bramwell, George William Wilshere, Baron, 152 Brazil, 78 Brennan, William, 97, 98, 100, 104n66 Bright, John, 155 Britain: abolition of the death penalty, 61, 88, 112, 113–114, 119; death penalty offenses, 110; executions in, 60, 110; mass imprisonment in, 72; state violence, declining, 158. See also England; United Kingdom Brown, Edmund “Pat,” 167, 174–177, 180–183, 187 Brown v. Board of Education (1954), 168–170, 173, 183, 187 Brown II (1955), 169 Buller, Mr. Justice, 137–138, 148 Bush, George H. W., 186 Bush, George W., 12, 13, 14, 182 Bush administration, George W., 12–13, 72 Byng, Admiral John, 143, 162n32 Byrne, Mr. Justice, 154 Calhoun, John C., 170, 204 California: death penalty, support for, 182; death row inmates (2009), 8; executions in, 119, 181, 184, 185; Los Angeles County, 8; reinstatement of death penalty, 185 California Supreme Court, 104n66, 120, 167–168, 184 Camden, Charles Pratt, Earl of, 149 Camus, Albert, 58, 76 Canada, 61 Cantor, Nathaniel, 210 capital punishment. See death penalty Caribbean countries, 9, 14, 17, 77 Chessman, Caryl, 175–176, 181 child rapists, 7, 17 China: concern about international opinions , 10; crimes eligible for death penalty, 15; executions in, 11–12; localized character of capital justice, 16; as retentionist state, 10–12, 14, 33, 77; UN’s condemnation of death penalty, response to, 8–9 Christ, crucifixion of, 21 Christian, Justice J., 192–193, 194–195, 203–204 Christie, John, 154 civil death jurisprudence, 192–198, 208–212 Civil Rights Act (1964), 166–167 Civil Rights movement, 166, 168 civiliter mortuus, 194–195 clemency, 176–180, 182 Clinton, Bill, 186 Cobden, Richard, 110 Cohen, Esther, 36, 41, 45...

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