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Chapter on the Uncorroborated Report
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٢٦٩ 269 Chapter on the Uncorroborated Report Someone said to me: “Define for me the least authoritative kind of text that binds scholars, who must then acknowledge that such a report—that lies within the competence of specialists—has become confirmed for them.” I said: It is the uncorroborated report of an individual from an individual that reaches all the way back to the Prophet, or back to someone just short of him. The authority of such a report is not, however, established until several things are in place: The person who transmits it must be trustworthy in his religion; known for veracity in his hadith-reports; able to understand what he is transmitting; and knowledgeable about how different wording can result in distortion of the meaning. He must be someone who repeats a hadithreport literally, just as he heard it, and does not paraphrase it, because if he transmits it paraphrastically but does not know what distorts its meaning, then he would not know whether he has made what is lawful unlawful. If, on the other hand, he conveys it literally, then there is no possibility that might cause one to fear that hadith-report’s distortion. He must be a good memorizer if he transmits from memory, and someone who preserves his notes carefully if he transmits from his notes. If he has the same hadith-report as persons who transmit from memory, then his hadith-report must agree with theirs. He must also be innocent of concealing defects in transmission, that is, of transmitting things from people whom he met but from whom he did not actually hear anything, or transmitting things from the Prophet that contradict what trustworthy persons transmit. Also, everyone above him who transmits must be so, all the way up a given hadith-report’s chain of transmitters until it reaches the Prophet or whomever else it reaches short of him. This is because each one of them authenticates it for the subsequent transmitter, and provides authentication of the preceding transmitter. None of them can be without the characteristics that I have just listed. He said, “Clarify this for me using something that I may understand better than this, something with which I have more experience, because I have less experience with what you have explained about hadith-reports.” Would you 448 449 450 ٢٧٠ 270 $%&v wDE Q v w p ٤٥١ ٤٥٢ ٤٥٣ =>I §KM #k l m n o QI ¡¢f £´ ¯ DE O¸ 23 4 Ì I¦ §K M ¡ def # $&g¬ : Z3uf Ì .¿ÀHI J :d± Ì ؟uf x Ëô uf ¡c èuf ã1 O¸ DE â I ¯ èufg h : # $&I UV! # Z¦3uf Ì :d± I Ö .def #k l m n o 01 ¨K¾ 6 # ¡ g 1 9 : DE ´ ³ # ¡ p"g  ¨KM 9 : $&I Ö : Z3uf Ì . - .uf g bV¿ Å ] ^g c x p"g  01 ؟g KM 9 : # DE :d± I Ö .g¬ Q . "g  ¡ $%&v wDE ufïAB àã1 £ $&I iDE de f ¯ # k l m n o DE # ÉÅ DE $&I iDE Z Ä8$%&9 : ¡ de f ¯ # : Z3uf Ì k l m n o # "g  ¡ de f ¯ # k l m n o DE â I $&01 O¸¿ Å " # 23 4 Ì 23 4 Ì x $%&v w Z Ä8$%&9 : ¡ de f ¯ # DE p Ñ7 Î Ï Ð¸£ k l m n ok l m n o $&´³ g bÔ 6 78 $%& v w ü Ì Z Ä8"v w #k l m n o ¨Kuf à : DE . ¡ $&I J  # DE # Z Ä8 # ! DE # Z§ ïË g × ¯ $&I iDEV k l m n o DE PíÌ OM¬ p"g  ¡ $&I i# DEV k l m n o $&g¬DE =>I ß DE # ? uf(¤¥ # DE # ´³ DE # Z Ä8$%&9 : ¡ de fv wP& I1 de f ¯ 01 78$%&v wde f ¯ # k l m n o DE I UV"g  !DE ² : ¿ÀHI J Ùuf Ò 2ª É DE O¸ ¿ÀHI UV .d± 9 : ´ ³ # ô õ s p"g  5 1 9 : DE«¬ ¿ÀHI UV . ¡ g )` aI JKM # j a ! # DE v w # k l m n o QÌ N 2O 01 . Z §K6DE 01 QI x I J 1 de fà : ufï¿ Å uf )` a v w I JK M k l m n o # Z Ä8$%&9 : de f ÆK M k l m n o# 01 Z3uf Ì I1 01 # :d± gK æ Z Ä8$%&9 : x I J 1 v w # # : Z3uf gK æ ؟ p"g  ¡ PíÌ OM¬ ١ de f/K M¿ Å ¿ Å ] ^ Ì . Z3uf Ì I|¡ Oý Z Ä8$%&9 : ¡ I UV ZỒ a ×à i uf ïð, QÌ N 2O # Z Ä8$%&9 : ¡ ZỒ a ×à i $&I J bVDE "g  x I J 1 v w # 01 K i # gK M p $%&9 : 01 Ò 2ª " # p O¸ # x ý O¸ DE Z §K6DE 0T PíÌ OM¬DE d± I Ö . "g  23 4 Ì ` a b ´¦ : ; I DE . Ì $& ufï uf x yLF...
