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239 239 Glossary of Names and Terms I provide here contextual explanations of key terms mentioned in this volume, and brief biographical information about the following people: individuals mentioned in the reports in the Treasury; principal transmitters of these reports, comprising ʿAlī’s direct interlocutors and al-Quḍāʿī’s principal recurring sources ; the two scholars mentioned in the One Hundred Proverbs; and key persons mentioned in my Introduction and A Note on the Text. ʿAbbād ibn Qays (fl. first/seventh c.) is one of ʿAlī’s interlocutors in the Treasury (5.14). Perhaps ʿAbbāḍ ibn Qays is a transcription error for Qays ibn ʿAbbād (d. after 80/699) from the second generation of Muslims, a resident of Basra, who is said to have narrated hadith from ʿAlī. Alternatively, ʿAbbād may be a mistranscription for al-Aḥnaf, al-Ashʿath, or ʿAbd Allāh, all sons of Qays. ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sinān al-Asadī (d. between 75/694 and 83/702) was a second generation Muslim of the clan of Banū Khuzaymah and a resident of Kufa. He was with ʿAlī at Ṣiffīn. He narrated ʿAlī’s words as well as prophetic hadith transmitted by ʿAlī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd, and Mughīrah ibn Shuʿbah. Abū ʿAṭāʾ (fl. first/seventh c.) is an interlocutor of ʿAlī in the Treasury (5.13) whom I have not been able to identify. Abū Jahl (d. 2/624) was a fierce enemy of Muḥammad, polemically called Abū Jahl (“Father of Ignorance”). He belonged to Makhzūm, a clan of the Quraysh. He was killed by the Muslims at the Battle of Badr. Abū Surādiq (fl. first/seventh c.) was a man from the clan of Dārim who, according to the Treasury (8.2), was part of the delegation that came to ʿAlī in Medina asking him to beseech God for rain. Adhriʿāt is a town in southwestern Syria, known today as Darʿah (Deraa). In the early days of Islam, Adhriʿāt was the center of an important Jewish 24٠ 240 Glossary of Names and Terms colony. Several members of the Medinan Jewish tribe of al-Naḍīr took refuge there upon their expulsion from Medina in 3/625. al-Aḥnaf ibn Qays (d. 73/692) was a chieftain of the tribe of Tamīm from the clan of Banū Saʿd and a resident of Basra. He remained neutral in the Battle of the Camel but fought with ʿAlī at Ṣiffīn. ʿĀʾishah (d. 58/678) was the wife of the prophet Muḥammad, from whom she narrated many hadith, and the daughter of Abū Bakr, the first Sunni caliph . She fought ʿAlī in 36/656 at the Battle of the Camel, so named because she rode a camel onto the battlefield. ʿajwah is a special kind of date grown in Medina. A hadith ascribed to the Prophet says “ʿAjwah dates are from paradise.” ʿAlid refers to a descendant of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, or a thing connected with him. ʿAmr ibn ʿAbd Wadd (d. 5/626) was a famous pagan warrior whom ʿAlī slew in single combat at the Battle of the Trench. He belonged to the clan of Banū ʿĀmir ibn Luʾayy. Aṣbagh ibn Nubātah (d. early second/seventh c.) was a close companion of ʿAlī and a prolific transmitter of his words, including the famous testament to Mālik al-Ashtar. An account of the killing of al-Ḥusayn at Karbala is also ascribed to him. He belonged to the tribe of Tamīm, was a resident of Kufa, and fought alongside ʿAlī at Ṣiffīn. Badr is the name of a group of wells near Medina, site of the first major battle between the Muslims and the Meccan pagans in 2/624, in which the Muslims were victorious. al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib (d. 72/691) was a companion of the Prophet from among the Helpers (Anṣār), of the Medinan tribe of Aws. He was a prolific transmitter of hadith and a military commander during the early Muslim conquests. He moved to Kufa and died there. He is said to have fought alongside ʿAlī at the Battle of the Camel, Ṣiffīn, and Nahrawān. Caesar (Ar. Qayṣar) is the title of the Byzantine emperor who ruled over the Eastern Roman Empire with his capital at Constantinople when Muḥammad began preaching Islam. In Islamic tradition, the term became a symbol...

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