Slavery before Race: Europeans, Africans, and Indians at Long Island's Sylvester Manor Plantation, 1651-1884

Title Page, Copyright, Dedication

Slavery before Race This page intentionally left blank Early American Places is a collaborative project of the University of Georgia Press, New York University Press, Northern Illinois University Press, and the University of Nebraska Press. The series is supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. For more information, please visit www.earlyamericanplaces.org. Advisory Board Vincent Brown, Duke University Stephanie M. H. Camp, University of Washington Andrew Cayton, Miami University Cornelia Hughes Dayton, University of Connecticut Nicole Eustace, New York University Amy S. Greenberg, Pennsylvania State University Ramón A. Gutiérrez, University of Chicago Peter Charles Hoffer, University of Georgia Karen Ordahl Kupperman, New York University Joshua Piker, University of Oklahoma Mark M. Smith, University of South Carolina Rosemarie Zagarri, George Mason University This page intentionally left blank Slavery before Race Europeans, Africans, and Indians at Long Island’s Sylvester Manor Plantation, 1651–1884 katherine howlett hayes a New York University Press new york and london N E W Y O R K U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S New York and London www.nyupress.org© 2013 by New York University All rights reserved library of congress cataloging-in-publication data Hayes, Katherine Howlett. Slavery before race : Europeans, Africans, and Indians at Long Island’s Sylvester Manor Plantation, 1651–1821 / Katherine Howlett Hayes. p. cm. — (Early American places) Revised version of the author’s thesis (doctoral)—University of California, Berkeley, 2008. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8147-8577-5 (cl : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-8147-2469-9 (e) ISBN 978-0-8147-7090-0 (e) 1. Slavery—New York (State)—Shelter Island. 2. African Americans—New York (State)—Shelter Island—History—To 1863. 3. Indians of North America— New York (State)—History. 4. Shelter Island (N.Y.)—Race relations—History. 5. Plantation life—New York (State)—Shelter Island—History. 6. Sylvester Manor Plantation Site (Shelter Island, N.Y.) 7. Shelter Island (N.Y.)— Antiquities. 8. Excavations (Archaeology)—New York (State)—Shelter Island. I. Title. II. Series: Early American places. E445.N56H39 2013 306.3’6209747—dc23 2012035346 References to Internet Web sites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. Neither the author nor New York University Press is responsible for URLs that may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared. New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability. We strive to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the greatest extent possible in publishing our books. Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Mom and Dad This page intentionally left blank ...