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COMPLETE LIST OF GUIDE RULES R 1 The speeds of all parallel shafts of a drive train which rotate in the same direction are designated by the same sign. 2 Torque and speed have the same signs for an input shaft but opposite signs for an output shaft. 3 An input power is always positive; an output power always negative. 4 The two equal torques which act on a free coupling shaft have opposite signs. 5 The degree of freedom F of a compound transmission is given by the sum of the degrees of freedom of its component transmissions minus the number of its constraints and linkages. 6 Conventional transmissions are always constrained transmissions with F = l . However, simple revolving drive trains with three rotating shafts have two degrees of freedom, that is, F = 2. 7 Two revolving drive trains are kinematically equivalent if the numerical values of any random pair of two-shaft speed-ratios, drawn from each train's complete set of six i-ratios, coincide. 8 The torque of the summation shaft and the torques of the difference shafts have opposite signs. 9 The torques of the two difference shafts have equal signs. 10 The sign of the exponent r\ is always equal to the sign of the rollingpower PR1 of shaft / and its magnitude is 1. 11 As long as friction losses can be neglected, torque ratios of revolving drive trains are determined solely by their basic speed-ratios. They are independent of the shaft speeds. 12 The external torques always must be matched to those of the revolving drive train. The reverse is impossible, because the torques of the three connected shafts of the transmission bear an invariable ratio to each other. 331 332 / Complete List of Guide Rules 13 In negative-ratio drives the carrier shaft always is the summation shaft; but in positive-ratio drives the central gear shaft carrying the larger absolute torque is the summation shaft. 14 If the total-power shaft is an input shaft, then both partial-power shafts are output shafts and vice versa. 15 In negative-ratio gear trains, the rolling power always is smaller than the external power. 16 In positive-ratio gear trains, the rolling power can be larger, smaller, or equal to the external power, depending on the existing power-flow mode. 17 If, during a speed change, the shaft speeds pass through the coupling point, then the rolling power-flow changes its direction and the exponent r\ changes its sign. 18 The position of the total-power shaft and thus the external power-flow of a revolving drive train changes if the direction of rotation of one or two of its three shafts reverses. 19 At the limit between two different power-flow modes, a three-shaft transmission operates as a two-shaft transmission. 20 Only those positive-ratio, two-shaft or three-shaft transmissions with a basic speed-ratio rjo 7iii • 30 For the majority of its possible couplings, series-coupled epicyclic transmissions are not loss-symmetrical, and, therefore, as a rule rjul * mil31 A constrained bicoupled transmission operates with internal power division when the speed-ratio of the auxiliary component transmission is chosen in such a way that the monoshaft m of the main component transmission becomes the latter's total-power shaft. If the total-power shaft of the main component transmission is part of the free coupling shaft, then it operates with positive circulating power; if part of the connected coupling shaft, it operates with negative circulating power. 32 A constrained bicoupled transmission operates with power division when its two monoshafts are a summation shaft and a difference shaft. If both monoshafts are summation shafts or difference shafts, a circulating power flows in the transmission. 33 The total-power shaft changes its position when the speed-ratio of a variable bicoupled transmission, or its auxiliary component transmission , passes through zero or infinity within its speed-ratio range, or both speed-ratios do so simultaneously within theirs. Consequently, the power-flow in the bicoupled transmission changes from one to another of three possible modes: power division, positive circulating power, or negative circulating power. 34 The power-ratio eo in a variable component transmission becomes smaller the closer

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