Comparative Perspectives on Judaisms and Jewish Identities

Index

313 Index Abravanel, Isaac, 97, 98, 102, 280–81n34 Abulafia, Abraham, 95 Acculturation, 5–8, 24, 40; of Ashkenazim, 21; of Jews in China, 16–17, 43–46, 56; of Jews in India, 17–18; of Jews in the United States, 158–59; of Muslims in China, 49–50; and Reform Judaism, 205; of Sephardim, 21–22 Agudat Israel, 240, 249 Alba, Richard, 154, 159, 259 Aliyahs, 235, 241 Antinomianism: and Christianity, 124, 130, 287n5; and dualism, 124–29; and Free Spirits, 126–28, 133, 134, 289n44; and gnostics, 124–25, 137, 290n49; and Hasidism, 131–33; and immenentism, 130–32; in Islam, 287n5; and messianism , 124, 133; and nihilism, 137–38; and orthodoxy, 133–34; among Ranters, 120–31, 289n44; in Sabbatianism, 123, 133 Antiquity: Jews in, 12–13, 145–49 Apocalyptism, 88, 91–92 Arabic, 14; conquests, 11; empires, 11, 13, 14; language, 14, 20 Ashkenazim, 12, 19, 20–22, 30–34, 39, 40; comparisons with Sephardim, 35, 36, 37, 100–102, 103–4; in Israel, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 192, 196, 198 Assimilation, 8; of Chinese Jews, 25–26, 51–56; of Indian Jews, 26 Auron, Yasir, 185–86 Ba’alei shem, 59 Ba’al Shem Tov, 59, 76 Ba’alei Teshuvah, 227 Babylonia, 11, 13, 16, 19, 23, 148 Barnai, Jacob, 113, 119 Ben-Israel, 12, 17–18, 23, 26 Ben-Rafael, Eliezer, 189–90 Bogomils, 125–26 Bonfil, Robert, 5 Boundaries: ethnic, 257–62; religious, 10, 14, 26, 28, 30, 31, 38, 43, 257–62; social, 26, 30, 35 Britain: Jewish religious identification and practice in, 179–80 Buddhism: in China, 43, 50, 51, 54–55; and saints, 63, 68–72; Tantrism in, 128–30 Canaanites, 185, 196 Canonization, 148 Carlebach, Elisheva, 100 Casanova, José, 201 Castes, 69, 260; among Jews in India, 17, 26, 39 Cathars, 125–26 Ceremony: and ritual, 212 Chabad, 141 China: Jews in, 12, 16–17, 22–23, 24–26, 37, 39, 42–43, 260; Muslims in, 25; religion in, 24, 25, 43, 47–48, 260; social structure of, 25–26, 53. See also Kaifeng Christianity: boundaries of, 30, 31; Jews under, 19–22, 30–32; and Sabbatian movement, 114–16 Christians: comparisons with Jews, 6, 21, 22; in China, 50–51; interactions with Jews, 7, 19, 21, 31, 35, 36; under Islam, 27, 28 05 Sharot BM.indd 313 9/20/10 10:26 AM 314 index Church: policy toward Jews, 30–32 Citizenship: in Israel, 233–34 Civil Religion, 304–5n35; of American Jews, 152–53, 214–16; of Israeli Jews, 241, 242, 247 Cochin Jews, 12, 17, 23 Cohen, Gerson D., 100 Cohen, Shaye, 146, 147, 148, 150 Cohen, Steven, 155, 160, 161–63, 164, 165, 176, 210, 212, 217, 225–26, 253–54, 255 Cohn, Robert L., 60–61 Comparative perspective, 3–4, 7–9, 40–41, 80–82, 139, 165, 207 Confucianism, 24, 43, 44, 258; and Judaism in Kaifeng, 44–46, 47–48, 56 Conservative Jews, 162, 163, 171, 175, 176, 179, 226, 227 Conservative Judaism, 213, 214, 226; in Israel , 205, 242–43, 253–54 Conversion, 56, 168, 259, 260, 261, 262; to Christianity, 22, 37, 105; to Islam, 11; to Judaism, 11, 149–50, 170, 175, 176 Conversos: influence of Catholicism on, 109; and the Inquisition, 107, 108; and Jewish practice, 108–9; millenarianism among, 105–10, 140, 261; numbers, 105; occupations of, 107, 108 Crusades, 31, 39, 94, 101, 139 Cults: in Israel, 182, 243–44; in the United States, 216 Datiim (religious), 221, 229, 230, 253. See also Orthodox Jews Davidson, Lynn, 174 Denominations 202, 253; Jewish, 214, 226–27, 251 Deshen, Shlomo, 40, 187 Dhimmis, 28, 40 Diaspora, 4, 10–12 Discrimination, 28, 35–36 Douglas, Mary, 134 Dualism: and antinomianism, 124–29 Durkheim, Emile, 124, 136–37, 152, 289n45, 289n46 Eber, Irene, 53–54 Eda (pl. Edot), 183–85, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 196, 198, 258 Edot Ashkenaz, 184. See also Ashkenazim in Israel Edot ha’Mizrach, 183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 196, 198 Eisen, Arnold, 162–63, 164, 165, 212, 255 Elukin, Jonathan, 39 Endelman, Todd, 3–4 England: Jews in, 33 Ethnic: culture, 152; group, 145, 147, 184; groups in the United States, 159–60, 169; identities, 168, 170, 172–78, 183; religion, 257–58; social ties, 152 Ethnicity: as basis of religiosity, 151, 152, 166; and boundaries, 257–62; from descent to consent, 168; and intermarriage , 177; symbolic, 154–57, 159, 164, 165, 292–93n29 Excommunication, 34...