-
Notes
- Wayne State University Press
- Chapter
- Additional Information
INTRODUCTION 1. Letter from Ernie Ronn to John Brinzo, Jan. 1, 2001, CCI-HF. 2. Interview with John Brinzo by Virginia Dawson, Oct. 19, 2006. 3. CCI, Annual Report, 2006, 2, CCI-HF. 4. U.S. Steel mines ore in the region, but it is an integrated steel company, rather than a mining company. 5. See Harlan Hatcher, A Century of Iron and Men (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1950); and Walter Havighurst , Vein of Iron: The Pickands Mather Story (Cleveland: World, 1958). 6. David A. Walker, Iron Frontier: The Discovery and Early Development of Minnesota’s Three Ranges (St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1979); Marvin G. Lamppa, Minnesota’s Iron Country: Rich Ore, Rich Lives (Duluth, MN: Lake Superior Port Cities, 2004); E. W. Davis, Pioneering with Taconite (St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 1964). 7. Kenneth Warren, Big Steel: The First Century of the United States Steel Corporation, 1901–2001 (Pittsburgh : University of Pittsburgh Press, 2001) and The American Steel Industry, 1850–1970: A Geographical Interpretation (Oxford: Clarendon, 1973). Warren focuses on the process end of the industry rather than the raw materials end, in spite of the fact that half of U.S. Steel’s valuation at the time of its creation was its iron ore holdings. 8. Paul A. Tiffany, The Decline of American Steel: How Management, Labor, and Government Went Wrong (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988); Robert P. Rogers, An Economic History of the American Steel Industry (London: Routledge, 2009); and Christopher G. L. Hall, Steel Phoenix: The Fall and Rise of the U.S. Steel Industry (New York: St. Martin’s, 1997). 9. Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, Belknap Press, 1990). 10. Richard B. Mancke, “Iron Ore and Steel: A Case Study of the Economic Causes and Consequences of Vertical Integration,” Journal of Industrial Economics 20 (1972): 223 and table, 221. 11. Samuel L. Mather to Jay C. Morse, Apr. 19, 1878, item 2783, CIMC-CCICP. 12. “Cliffs’ J. S. Wilbur: Ore Specialist,” Steel, Oct. 17, 1955, 83. NOTES 274 NOTES TO CHAPTER 1 13. Cleveland Iron Mining Co., Annual Report of the Directors to the Stockholders . . . for the Year Ending May 17, 1876 (Cleveland: Sanford & Hayward, 1876), esp. 7, 11. CHAPTER 1 1. For the copper rush to the region, see Robert James Hybels, “The Lake Superior Copper Fever, 1841– 47,” Michigan History 34 (1950); David J. Krause, The Making of a Mining District: Keweenaw Native Copper, 1500–1870 (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1992), 136–43; and Larry Lankton, Cradle to Grave: Life, Work, and Death at the Lake Superior Copper Mines (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), 7–10. U.S. Senate, Report of General Walter Cunningham, 28th Cong., 2nd sess., Jan. 8, 1845, S. 98, vol. 7, 4, reported almost 900 mining permits granted in the area between November 1844 and July 1845. For “barren and worthless,” see U.S. House of Representatives, Mineral Lands of Lake Superior, 29th Cong., 1st sess., 1846, H.R. 211, 11; for Clay’s remark, see John N. Dickinson, To Build a Canal: Sault Ste. Marie, 1853–54 and After (Columbus: Published for Miami University by the Ohio State University Press, 1981), 8, citing Congressional Globe, 26th Cong., 1st sess., Apr. 21, 1840, 349–51, 828–29. 2. James E. Jopling, “Dr. Morgan L. Hewitt,” 1935 manuscript, LRL; “Dr. Morgan L. Hewitt Is Subject of Paper,” Marquette Mining Journal, Jan. 18, 1935. 3. Samuel P. Orth, A History of Cleveland, Ohio (Chicago: S. J. Clarke, 1910), 1:191–95. 4. This was the name according to T. B. Brooks, “Part I: Iron-Bearing Rocks,” in Thomas B. Brooks et al., Geological Survey of Michigan: Upper Peninsula, 1869–1873, vol. 1, (New York: Julius Bien, 1873), 28; and A. P. Swineford, History and Review of the Copper, Iron, Silver, Slate and Other Mineral Interests of the South Shore of Lake Superior (Marquette: Mining Journal, 1876), 116. Brooks and Swineford were familiar with the pioneers of the region, so their testimony carries some weight, but I have seen no original documents bearing the name Dead River Silver and Copper Company. A handwritten copy of the “Articles of Association” of the Cleveland Iron Company, dated Nov. 9, 1847, in Cleveland-Cliffs corporate headquarters does refer to the location “known as the Dead River Company location” but has that phrase crossed out. Moreover, some of the people involved with Cassels in mineral exploration and the iron...