Confederate Visions: Nationalism, Symbolism, and the Imagined South in the Civil War

Index

Alfriend, Frank H., 94, 96, 97, 100. See also Southern Literary Messenger antebellum literature, 98; in American tradition, 44–45, 46, 62–68; and Confederate Americanism, 44–46, 55, 62–65; and mythic present, 45; and Silent Slave, 46, 59–62; use of kinship, 53; Worthy Southron versus Demon Yankee, 46, 48, 51–52, 53, 58, 68. See also Jones, John Beauchamp; Ruffin, Edmund; Tucker, Beverley Anticipations of the Future to Serve as Lessons for the Present Time. See Ruffin , Edmund Antietam, 89, 119 Ashby, Turner, 126, 127, 133, 172n26 Bagby, George W., 124, 125–26, 129–30, 133, 136. See also Southern Literary Magazine Bartlett, Napier, 111 “Battle Hymn of the Republic,” 104 Beauregard, Pierre G. T., 171n14; in Confederate wartime literature, 107, 108; in Southern Illustrated News, 127; as Worthy Southron, 120–22, 140 Benjamin, Judah P., image on Confederate currency, 84, 85, 88 Blair, Montgomery, in Confederate wartime literature, 109 Bragg, Braxton, 91; in Southern Illustrated News, 127; as un-Worthy Southron, 122–23 bread riots, 70 Bull Run. See Second Battle of Bull Run Calhoun, John C., 159n39; image on Confederate currency, 80–81, 81 Cameron, Simon, in Confederate wartime literature, 109–10 Ceres, image on Confederate currency, 78–79, 80, 81, 82, 162n16 Chase, Salmon, in Confederate wartime literature, 108–9 Chickamauga, 122, 172n16 Clark, Spencer M., 73, 75 Clay, Clement C., image on Confederate currency, 88 Cleburne, Patrick, 145–47, 175n9, 175n11 Confederate Americanism, 10, 103, 148; and antebellum literature, 44–46, 55, 62–65; and Confederate constitutions , 19–20, 24, 26, 30–31, 34–35, 40–42; and Confederate currency images, 70–71, 87; and Confederate military, 7, 117–18; and Confederate wartime literature, 94, 100–103; explanation of, 3–4; Joseph Addison Turner on, 5. See also Confederate nationalism; Demon Yankee; Silent Slave; Worthy Southron Confederate constitutions: as basis for Confederate nationalism, 31, 41; and Confederate Americanism, 19–20, 24, 26, 30–31, 34–35, 40–42; as conservative document, 41–42, 155n93; Index Italicized page numbers refer to illustrations. index 194 Confederate constitutions (continued) debates over, 24; distinguished from Union, 40; and the divine, 30, 32–33; foundation had Confederacy succeeded, 21, 37, 42–43; framers of, 22, 36, 151n11; haste of, 20, 25, 33, 35, 39–40, 141; improved 1787 Constitution, 3, 29, 30–33, 34, 38–39, 155n87; isolationist, 40; and mythic present, 22; newspapers printed speeches from, 36; protected slavery, 39, 41; ratification of, 33–42, 154n60; as state nationalism, 23–24; and states’ rights, 25–29, 30–31, 42–43; in tradition of American Revolution, 19–20, 21–22, 25–27, 29, 31, 35–36, 38–39, 42, 155n87; and unity of South with Confederacy, 36–37, 39–40 Confederate currency images: also used on Northern currency, 84–85, 86–87, 89; Judah P. Benjamin, 84, 85, 88; John C. Calhoun, 80–81, 81; Ceres, 78–79, 80, 81, 82, 162n16; Clement C. Clay, 88; and Confederate Americanism, 70–71, 87; and Confederate-era currency, 74–75, 76; and Confederate nationalism, 73, 75, 87; cotton, 76, 78–79, 81, 82, 82, 83, 83, 162n15; Jefferson Davis, 83, 86, 88; early images (1861–1862), 78–85; Great Seal of the Confederacy, 90, 90; Robert M. T. Hunter, 84, 88, 89, 91, 91; images in American tradition, 71, 73, 87; insufficient for national message, 75; Andrew Jackson, 80–81, 81; Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson, 90–91, 90; Justice, 78–79, 80, 81; late images (1862–1865), 85–91; martial images, 87–91; Christopher G. Memminger , 84, 88; military scenes, 91; Minerva, 78–79, 80, 81, 89; Moneta, 72, 83; “Personification of South Striking Down Union,” 84, 85; Lucy Holcombe Pickens, 87–88, 88, 91; railway trains, 81, 82, 86, 87; George W. Randolph, 87–88, 88, 90; shifted during war, 75; Silent Slave, 74, 77, 81, 82, 82, 83, 83, 85, 162n16; Alexander H. Stephens, 83, 88; Tellus, 83; George Washington, 78–79, 80, 83, 90; Worthy Southron, 71, 74, 75, 87, 89. See also T Series Confederate economy, failures of, 70–71, 72, 77–78 Confederate emancipation, 144–46 Confederate military: and Confederate Americanism, 7, 117–18; defeat of, 5, 117, 119, 122, 123, 126–27, 138; desertion of, 174n69; enlistment of slaves as soldiers, 144; and failed Confederate nationalism, 21; martyred officers of, 126–27; and mythic present, 116–18; surrenders, 5, 117; as symbol of Confederate nationalism, 7, 89, 117, 137–40; unable to protect homeland, 139; as unifying force, 124; unrealistic expectations for, 124–25...