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plate 1. Jacob Lawrence, panel 10, “The cruelty of the planters toward the slaves drove the slaves to revolt,” Toussaint L’Ouverture series, 1938. (Courtesy of the Amistad Research Center; © ARS, NY and DACS, London 2011) plate 2. Jacob Lawrence, panel 19, “The Blacks formed into large bands and slaughtered every Mulatto and White they encountered,” Toussaint L’Ouverture series, 1938. (Courtesy of the Amistad Research Center; © ARS, NY and DACS, London 2011) [3.15.6.77] Project MUSE (2024-04-24 20:41 GMT) plate 3. Jacob Lawrence, panel 20, “General Toussaint L’Ouverture, Statesman and military genius, esteemed by the Spaniards, feared by the English, dreaded by the French, hated by the planters, and reverenced by the Blacks,” Toussaint L’Ouverture series, 1938. (Courtesy of the Amistad Research Center; © ARS, NY and DACS, London 2011) plate 4. Malvin Gray Johnson, Nat Turner, 1934. (Art and Artifacts Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations) [3.15.6.77] Project MUSE (2024-04-24 20:41 GMT) plate 5. Anon., Joseph Cinquez, Leader of the Gang of Negroes Who Killed Captain Ramon Ferrers and the Cook on Board the Spanish Schooner Amistad, 1839. (Stanley-Whitman House, Farmington, Conn.) plate 6. Nathaniel Jocelyn, Joseph Cinque, 1840. (The New Haven Museum and Historical Society) [3.15.6.77] Project MUSE (2024-04-24 20:41 GMT) plate 7. Romare Bearden, Prince Cinque, 1971. (Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress, © Romare Bearden Foundation/ DACS, London/ VAGA, New York 2011) plate 8. Charles White, Five Great American Negroes, 1939–40. (© 1939–40 The Charles White Archives, Collection of Howard University Gallery of Art) (opposite) plate 9. Jacob Lawrence, panel 10, Frederick Douglass series, 1938–39. (Courtesy of Hampton University Museum, Hampton, Va.; © ARS, NY and DACS, London 2011) [3.15.6.77] Project MUSE (2024-04-24 20:41 GMT) plate 10. Leroy Foster, The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, 1973. (Detroit Public Library) [3.15.6.77] Project MUSE (2024-04-24 20:41 GMT) plate 11. Mike Alewitz, Move or Die, 1999. (Courtesy of Mike Alewitz) plate 12. Jacob Lawrence, Forward, 1967. (Courtesy of North Carolina Museum of Art; © ARS, NY and DACS, London 2011) (opposite) plate 13. Jacob Lawrence, panel 2, Harriet Tubman series (1939–40). (Courtesy of Hampton University Museum, Hampton, Va.; © ARS, NY and DACS, London 2011) [3.15.6.77] Project MUSE (2024-04-24 20:41 GMT) plate 14. Jacob Lawrence, panel 7, Harriet Tubman series (1939–40). (Courtesy of Hampton University Museum, Hampton, Va.; © ARS, NY and DACS, London 20011) [3.15.6.77] Project MUSE (2024-04-24 20:41 GMT) plate 15. William H. Johnson, Harriet Tubman, 1945. (Smithsonian American Art Museum, Gift of the Harmon Foundation) plate 16. Debra Priestly, Strange Fruit 2, 2001. (Courtesy of Debra Priestly; photo by Becket Logan) ...

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