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259 Aberdeen Female College, 19–20, 36 academic criteria for admission, 75, 83–84, 92–93, 117 Adelphian Society (Cornell College), 31 admissions criteria, 17, 83, 92–93, 146–47. See also academic criteria for admission; moral education and criteria for admission; social criteria for admission African Americans: as college staff, 6–7, 49, 98, 101, 104, 118, 216n2; as freedpeople , 1, 12, 13, 92, 98, 110, 120, 121, 123, 124, 140, 145, 156, 161–62, 170, 171; as militiamen, 70, 71, 118; as politicians, 70, 71, 115, 118, 119, 120, 123, 156; as professors, 6, 26, 119, 123; as slaves, 1, 6–7, 19, 24, 37, 49, 101, 104, 109, 115, 120, 123, 216n2; as students , 6, 11, 16, 69, 70, 71–72, 85, 92, 93, 94, 97–98, 100–102, 115, 118–25, 126, 127, 140, 145, 153, 156, 167–68, 169, 170, 176, 181–82, 183–84, 188, 190–91, 194, 224n104; as teachers, 121, 123; as trustees, 119; as veterans and normal school founders, 182. See also slavery African Methodist Episcopal Church, 156–57, 186 Agassiz, Louis, 97, 158–59, 184 age in college admissions, 112, 129, 145–46, 147, 175 Agricultural and Mechanical College (Kentucky), 89 Agricultural and Mechanical College (University of Missouri), 87, 111, 112, 113, 114, 133, 157 Agricultural College (University of California ), 78, 159–60 agricultural education, 11, 16, 52–53, 54–57, 59–60, 65, 70, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 83, 86, 87, 89, 90–91, 97, 99, 100–101, 111, 112, 113, 114, 126–27, 133, 154, 159–60, 161, 167, 174, 179, 184, 186, 188, 190, 194, 214n84 agricultural experiment stations, 160, 186, 190 agricultural fairs, 52, 159–60 Aiken, S.C., teachers, 71 Alabama Female Institute, 108 Allegheny College, 4 American Education Society (AES), 95, 98, 218n18 American Journal of Science and Arts, 10 American Literary, Scientific, and Military Academy, 58 American Revolution, 3–4, 26, 57, 58, 142 American Society for Extension Learning Courses, 160 Index 260 INDEX Amherst College, 4, 9, 49, 123 Amphictyon Society (Cornell College), 24, 31, 48, 96, 149 antebellum colleges, 1–2, 4–11, 22–23, 25–26, 54, 58, 73, 90, 94–95, 101, 103–4, 108–10, 115–16, 119–20, 130–32, 136–37, 138, 141, 145, 147, 153, 198n14, 198n16, 218n24 Appomattox Court House, Va., surrender at, 50 architectural education, 77, 183, 184, 214n84 Arkansas Industrial University, 64, 119, 143 Arkansas veterans’ children–education law (1868), 143 arms-supply joint resolution (1870), 63, 65, 67, 90–91, 154, 165, 209n29 army, Union. See U.S. Army army-officers amendment (1866), 62–65, 67–68, 71–72, 90–91, 154, 165, 173, 188, 209n28, 210n32 army-officers amendment, act amending (1876), 64–65, 210n34 army-officers amendment, acts amending (1880s–1890s), 191 army-officers (retired) law (1870), 63–65, 90–91, 154, 165, 188, 209n28, 210n32 art education, 184, 214n84, 219n27, 219n39, 226n20, 226n22 Association of American Universities, 76, 79 Astronomical Observatory (Harvard), 76 Athenaean Literary Society (University of Missouri), 24–25, 28, 128 Atlanta, capture of, 105, 137 Austria, 176–77 automotive education, 80 bachelor of arts degree, 2–3, 5, 7, 8, 9–10, 73, 74, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, 89–90, 103, 111, 117 banking system, national, 161, 162 Baptist Church, 6, 123 Barnard, Henry, 173–74 Barnwell, Robert W., Jr., 40–41 Barnwell, Robert W., Sr., 81, 123–24 Bates College, 97 Beckert, Sven, 13 Bell, John, 22 Berea College, 6, 118–19 Berryman College, 19 “Blank Cartridge” (pseud.), 71 blockade of Confederate ports, 41, 43 Blount College, 103. See also East Tennessee University Bonnell, John M., 37, 104, 105 Bonnell Blues (Wesleyan), 37, 59 Boone County, Mo.: poorhouse and hospital of, 157–58; University of Missouri’s relationships with, 87, 109, 157–58 Bowdoin College, 40, 71 Boylston Prize for Oratory (Harvard), 97 Breckinridge, John C., 22 Broun, William L., 40 Brown University, 28 Buchanan, James, 26, 27, 55 buildings as part of educational reform, 55, 87, 99, 112–13, 157, 181 Burke, Colin B., 130–32, 198n14, 198n16, 229n64 Burton, Clara, 49, 104, 106 Burton, Ella, 49, 104, 106 business and commercial education, 89–90, 174, 194, 199n31 Bussey Institution (Harvard), 76, 77, 97, 184 California College of Dentistry (University of California), 78 California College of Pharmacy (University of California), 78 California Immigrant Union, 185 Cambridge Arsenal, 30 Carr, Ezra S., 61, 159–60, 209n22 Carruth, Kathleen M., 49 Centennial Exhibit Committee (University of Missouri), 182...