At Home with Apartheid: The Hidden Landscapes of Domestic Service in Johannesburg

Notes

Notes A note on interview sources: Because I assured my informants of anonymity, I identify them by number only. Please refer to the bibliography for a complete listing. IntroductIon 1. See, e.g., Rose, “Geography as a Science of Observation,” and Deutsche, “Boys Town,”ongeographers’gaze;Bachelard,Poetics of Space;andFoucault,onBachelard, in “On Other Spaces.” For examples of treatments of multiple landscapes or multidimensional spaces, though they are called by various terms, see Rhys, “Traveling through the Landscape,” in Transformation of Virginia, 52–57; Upton, “White and Black Landscapes”; Camp, Closer to Freedom, 6–7; Vlach, “The Plantation Landscape ,” in Back of the Big House, 1–17. 2. For new scholarship on American suburbs, see Kruse and Sugrue, New Suburban History; Nicolaides and Wiese, Suburb Reader. 3. Drury, “Very Strange Society,” 6. 4. Swaisland, Servants and Gentlewomen to the Golden Land; “Dadge,” n.d., n.p, Manuscript Collection, Strange Library. 5. House plans suggest such arrangements, as does the Report of the Commission . . . into Assaults on Women, 28. 6. Report of the Johannesburg Housing Commission. 7. House plans suggest such arrangements, as do contemporary accounts; see, e.g., Flora Behrman, “My Fifty-Odd Years in Johannesburg, 1906–1960,” n.d., 13, Manuscript Collection, Strange Library; Aldehlm Slater, “The Recollections of a Johannesburg Man,” n.d., MSA 446, 8, Manuscript Collection, Strange Library. See also Van Onselen, “Witches of Suburbia,” 32 n. 16, citing contemporary newspaper descriptions. 8. Van Onselen, “Witches of Suburbia”; Report of the Commission . . . into Assaults on Women, 26–27. 9. Swaisland, Servants and Gentlewomen to the Golden Land, 96. 10. Cited in Gaitskell, “‘Christian Compounds for Girls,’” 45. 183 184 NoteS to pAgeS 10–35 11. Van Onselen, “Witches of Suburbia,” 17. 12. Population of South Africa, 1904–1970, 19, 196, 237, 348. Indian population figures from the census by the Gezondheids Committee of Johannesburg are cited in Dinath, “Asiatic Population in the Transvaal.” 13. “Dadge”; “Lady Pioneers: Life in the Eighties,” Rand Daily Mail, 22 Sept. 1906; Gaitskell et al., “Class, Race and Gender,” 100. 14. Minutes of Meeting of Special Committee Appointed to Deal with Housing of Natives, 16 Mar. 1916, MJB 1/13/12, 2, Pretoria Central Archives; Report of the Johannesburg Housing Commission (esp. the evidence tendered on 2, 7, 42). 15. Town Planning Scheme No. 1, 1946, City of Johannesburg, Clause 16 (b) (i), (iii). This scheme remained in effect until 1979. 16. I relied heavily on the literature on oral historical methods and excellent examples of such work. See esp. Grele, Envelopes of Sound; Gluck and Patai, Women’s Words; Perks and Thomson, Oral History Reader; Bozzoli, “Introduction: Oral History, Consciousness, and Gender,” in Women of Phokeng. Those works (not necessarily histories) based on interviews that I took as models of sensitivity toward both fieldwork and informants’ words include L. B. Rubin, Worlds of Pain; Sennett and Cobb, Hidden Injuries of Class; Abu-Lughod, Writing Women’s Worlds; Oakley , Sociology of Housework; Scheper-Hughes, Death without Weeping; Van Onselen, Seed Is Mine; Wolf, Factory Daughters; G. Clark, Onions Are My Husband. 17. J. Scott, Weapons of the Weak; M. Kaplan, Between Dignity and Despair, 34. 18. D. M. Smith, “Introduction,” 1. 19. See Hollander and Einwohner, “Conceptualizing Resistance.” 20. Kelley, “We Are Not What We Seem,” 112. 21. Collins, Fighting Words, 5–8. 22. Nussbaum, Cultivating Humanity. 23. Hollander and Einwohner, “Conceptualizing Resistance.” 1. gettiNg to kNow tHe corNerS 1. 13, 18 July 1995. 2. On early migrancy and urbanization patterns in the Transvaal, see Mayer, Townsmen or Tribesmen; Schapera, Migrant Labour and Tribal Life; Bonner, “African Urbanisation on the Rand.” 3. 20, 19 July 1995. 4. 68, 21 Jan. 1998, 28 Jan. 1998. 5. Yawich, “African Female Employment and Influx Control,” 211–12. 6. Christopher, Atlas of Apartheid, 35, citing 1960 figures. 7. Platzky and Walker, Surplus People, is the best contemporary source of information about homeland conditions. 8. 27, 22 July 1995. 9. 43, 25 July 1996. NoteS to pAgeS 35–50 185 10. 38, 29 June 1996, 13 Feb. 1998. 11. Van der Vleit, “Black Marriage,” 133. 12. Walker, “Gender and the Development of the Migrant Labour System,” 191– 94; Van der Vleit, “Black Marriage,” 66–67; Ramphele and Boonzaier, “Position of African Women,” 166; Preston-Whyte, “Between Two Worlds,” 48–62; Eales; “Gender Politics,” 26–28, 182–83; Longmore, Dispossessed, esp. 69–70, 73–74, 84, 140; Janisch, “Some Administrative Aspects of Native Marriage...