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Notes Abbreviations AHR American Historical Review APW Charles S. Hyneman and Donald S. Lutz, eds. American Political Writing during the Founding Era, 1760–1805. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1983. HL Huntington Library manuscripts, San Marino, Calif. JJ Charles Warren. Jacobin and Junto: Early American Politics as Viewed in the Diary of Dr. Nathaniel Ames, 1758–1822. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1931. LDC Paul H. Smith, ed. Letters of Delegates to Congress. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1976. LEG James T. Austin. Life of Elbridge Gerry. Boston: Wells and Lilly, 1828. VHS Virginia Historical Society manuscripts, Richmond, Va. WMQ William and Mary Quarterly Introduction 1. Nash, Unknown American Revolution; Holton, Forced Founders; A. Young, Beyond the American Revolution. For a recent sample of the controversy between elite-centered and people-centered history, see Guyatt’s review of Gordon Wood’s Revolutionary Characters (Guyatt, ‘‘Father Knows Best’’). On the presumed radical rejection of rank, see Wood, Radicalism of the American Revolution,179. On witches, see Norton, In the Devil’s Snare, 295. On recovering the nature of eighteenth-century culture from superimposed frameworks of modern scholarship, see Barzun, The Culture We Deserve, 3–22. 2. On representations, see Lefort, Democracy and Political Theory, 92. 3. Ibid., 93. 4. On the risks and advantages of poststructuralist approaches to colonial America, see Cornell, ‘‘Early American History in a Postmodern Age.’’ 5. Other cultures, with di√erent histories and dominated by di√erent values, either developed concepts of freedom di√erent from the Western one or developed none at all (Patterson, Freedom, 1:x; Wolf, Anthropology, 96). 240 notes to pages 7–19 6. On such pursuits, see Kolakowski, Freedom, Fame, Lying, and Betrayal, 84. 7. See Femia, ‘‘Gramsci’s Patrimony,’’ 347–48. 8. Legal history, as Bruce H. Mann put it, must in an important sense be autonomous and hegemonic; it must move through time ‘‘forcing all who live near it to fashion individual and collective accommodations with its presence,’’ because that is what makes law law (Mann, ‘‘Death and Transfiguration,’’ 446). 9. Braudel, The Mediterranean; Go√, Time, Work, and Culture. 10. Certeau, Practice of Everyday Life, 32–33. 11. Bloch, Strange Defeat, 154. 12. On the ontological aspect of freedom, see Kolakowski, Freedom, Fame, Lying, and Betrayal, 95–103; and Bauman and Tester, Conversations with Zygmunt Bauman,113. On the sociogenesis of freedom, I am deeply indebted to Zygmunt Bauman’s brilliant insights in his Freedom. On balancing limitations within a larger system, see Rawls, Theory of Justice, 203. 13. Mather, ‘‘America’s Appeal,’’ in Sandoz, Political Sermons, 1:450 (habeas corpus); Patrick Henry’s Draft of Address to the King, Oct. 21? 1774, in LDC, 1:223 (trial by jury); James Duane’s Speech to the Committee on Rights (Sept. 1774), ibid., 1:54 (representative government); John Zubly to Lord Dartmouth, Sept. 3, 1775, ibid., 2:2 (taxes); ‘‘Thomas Burke’s Notes on the Articles of Confederation’’ (ca. Dec.18,1777), ibid., 8:433 (franchise). For specifically legal definitions of liberty, see Primus, American Language of Rights, 43, 238; and Hohfeld, Fundamental Legal Conceptions. 14. Bauman, Freedom, 9; Fisher, Liberty and Freedom, 113 (terms). 15. Silverman, Cultural History of the American Revolution; Eagleton, Idea of Culture , 34. 16. Rosen, ‘‘Integrity of Cultures,’’ 612 (coherence); Bauman, Postmodernity and Its Discontents, 133 (categories), 130 (meaning), 6 (dirt). 17. On prereflexive givens, see Gadamer, Truth and Method, 245; Bailyn, Ideological Origins of the American Revolution; and Pocock, Machiavellian Moment. 18. Isaac, Transformation of Virginia, 43. 19. Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, 39. Historians have been increasingly aware of this fact since Lucien Lefebvre’s pathbreaking study of Rabelais, Problem of Unbelief in the Sixteenth Century. 20. Finkelman, Slavery and the Founders, 105. On directional paths, see Bauman, Postmodernity and Its Discontents, 133; and Huizinga, Waning of the Middle Ages, 5. 21. Eco, Theory of Semiotics, 54–57. 1. A Critique of Self-Evident Liberty 1. See Kolakowski, Freedom, Fame, Lying, and Betrayal, 18, 98. 2. Taylor, American Colonies, x–xvii. 3. T. West, Vindicating the Founders, 179, xi; Wood, American Revolution: A History, 102; Countryman, American Revolution, 224. 4. Bailyn, Ideological Origins of the American Revolution, 319; Wood, Creation of the American Republic, 615; Wood, Radicalism of the American Revolution, 368. [44.213.80.174] Project MUSE (2024-03-19 05:30 GMT) notes to pages 20–27 241 5. Zinn, People’s History, 74–75. 6. The economic argument was first made forcefully by Charles Beard in 1913 (Economic...