From Jamestown to Jefferson: The Evolution of Religious Freedom in Virginia

Index

index accountability, communal, 114, 115, 177 Adams, John, 166–67, 179 Africans and African Americans: baptisms of, 99; evidence of religion in, 36–39; population proportions of, 75; and proto-racial thinking of Anglo-Virginians, 76–77; religious diversity of, 84–93, 171; religious practices of, 6 afterlife beliefs, 87 alchemy, 65, 95 Allestree, Richard, 61 almanacs, 94 Amish, 172 amulets, 94 Anabaptists, 110, 172 Anglican Church: and African Americans, 90, 91; and Catholicism, 75, 96; clergy shortage in, 110; and colonial environment, 9, 10, 21, 25; communion service in, 47–48; disestablishment’s impact on, 13; lack of bishops in North America, 50–51, 139; and Methodists, 112; organization of, 26; political and social role of, 6; and Presbyterians, 122; and Quakers, 37–38; and revivals, 113; and Statute for Religious Freedom, 2, 3; strength of, 54; and theological disputes, 30; worship practices in, 27, 55–56. See also Protestant Episcopal Church Anglo-Virginians: proto-racial thinking of, 76–77; religious diversity of, 93–101 animal spirits, 78, 94 Apostle’s Creed, 55 “Articles, Lawes, and Orders” (1610), 169 astrology, 65, 94, 95 atheism, 97 Backus, Isaac, 158 Bacon, Nathaniel, 83 Bacon, Thomas, 84 baptisms: of children, 100, 112; of slaves, 88, 90, 99; women’s role in preparing for, 66 Baptists: and church-state relationship, 145–46; communal accountability of, 115; cost structures of, 116; and English Toleration Act, 109–10; growth of, 111–12; New Light Baptists, 91; Particular Baptists, 111–12; persecution of, 108, 128–29, 140, 196 index Baptists (continued) 172–73; and religious authority, 139, 145, 149; and religious tolerance, 12; sectarians and strategies of dissent, 125–33; Seventh-Day Baptists, 172. See also Separate Baptists Bayley, Lewis, 65 Beasley, Nicholas, 58 Bennett, Richard, 29, 30 Berkeley, Edmund, 65 Berkeley, William, 38, 50, 61, 118 Beveridge, William, 55–56, 64 Billings, Warren M., 18 bishops: lack of in North America, 50–51, 139; opposition to, 154–56; ordination of, 50 “Black Harry,” 99 Blackstone’s Commentaries (Tucker), 159 Blair, James, 57, 59, 60, 62, 65 blasphemy, 46, 97 Bond, Edward L., 7, 9–10, 43 Bond, Richard E., 1 Book of Common Prayer: and confirmation, 59; as guide for public worship and family devotional practice, 10, 29, 30, 54–55; Puritan attempts to suppress, 27, 28 Book of Homilies, 53 books: almanacs, 94; distribution of, 65; influence of, 63–66; occult texts, 65–66, 94. See also specific books Bracken, John, 152 Brent, George, 37 Brethren, 172 Brooke, Zachariah, 54 Bruce, Philip Alexander, 17 Brydon, George MacLaren, 17, 148 Buchanan, John, 153 Buckley, Thomas E., 12–13, 75, 138, 167–68 Byrd, William, 58 Byrd, William, II, 60, 62 Calvinism, 111, 126 Carroll, Charles, 180 Cary, Archibald, 142 Catholics: and African Americans, 87, 88; and Anglican Church, 75; English vs. Continental, 36; and religious diversity, 171; and superstitious practices, 95; in Virginia, 6, 36–37 chapels of ease, 53 charms, 94 children: baptism of, 100; and family devotional practices, 61; missions to convert Native American children, 80–82 church and state: and Baptists, 126; and Church of England, 33; and religious authority, 138; after Revolution, 145–51; during Revolution, 141–45 church attendance: in parishes, 53–54; regulations for, 33, 37–38, 98 church buildings: consecration of, 51; of dissenting sects, 116; evidence of, 19, 20–21; in large parishes, 53 Church Catechism Explain’d by Way of Question and Answer, The (Lewis), 61 “churching” ceremonies, 91 Church of England. See Anglican Church churchwardens: establishment of, 24; in parish organizational hierarchy, 38; property records maintenance by, 32, 34 index 197 civil society: and evidence of religion, 33–36; religion and morality in, 177–82; and religious authority, 144 Clay, Charles, 59–60 Clayton, John, 29, 51, 63 clergy: education and ordination of, 116; evidence of, 21; parish appointments of, 25; in parish organizational hierarchy, 38; shortage of, 28, 49–50, 54 College of William and Mary, 83 coming-of-age rituals, 80 commissaries, authority limitations of, 51 common good, 142 communal accountability, 114, 115, 177 communal religious practices, 54–61 communion service, 47–48, 57–59 Compton, Henry, 51, 66 compurgation, 26 confirmation sermons, 58–59, 139 Congregational churches, 26, 113 conjuring of spirits, 85 consecration of church buildings, 51 Continental Catholics, 36 Cooper, Samuel, 179 cosmology, 85, 87 countercultural movements, 113. See also sectarians and strategies of dissent Cradle of America (Wallenstein), 18 Craig, James, 64 Cranmer...