The Big House after Slavery: Virginia Plantation Families and Their Postbellum Domestic Experiment

Index

265 adventure, postwar generation and, 165–66 advertisements, 185 african americans: as “black-beast” rapists, 190; and churches, 124; gender conventions of, 84–85; and labor, 51–53; political power of, 24, 127, 129–30, 136, 232n4; and readjuster Party, 151–52; and republican Party, 133; tenant families, 47; urban movement of, 190. See also slavery; slaves, former agrarian protest, 96 agricultural associations. See agricultural organizations agricultural journals: on children and farming, 49, 163–65; and farming methods, 31–32; and home production , 43–44, 112; and labor shortages , 30; value of work, 51; and women, 84, 88–90, 109–10, 241n40 agricultural organizations, 4–5, 225n48; and children, 111–12; economic benefits of, 96; and efficient farming, 97; existing together, 101–2, 225n48; gendered division of labor, 4–5, 48; and immigrant laborers, 27–28; and male identity, 127; membership in, 92, 93, 94–95, 220n11; and shift in gender roles, 196; social functions of, 96, 106–7; trade relationships for women, 112; and women, 95, 107–8, 112; women and agricultural reform, 114; and women’s work, 108–14. See also farm clubs, local; farmers’ alliance ; farmers’ assembly; granges agricultural reform: and agricultural organizations, 93–95, 100, 102, 104–5; and church publications, 118; and postwar generation, 165; and women, 113–14 agriculture. See farming aiken, D. Wyatt, 113 albemarle agricultural society, 92 alcohol abuse, 54–55, 63 allen, hattie, 115 alliance balls, 107 allison, annie lewis, 38 ambition, personal, 68 index Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations. ambler, Martha, 26, 91–92 ambler, William, 91–92, 103–4, 226n65 appearances: of homes, 48, 56, 72, 74; lack of military participation, 59–61; lavishness, 89, 119; personal, 71–72; preoccupation with, 57; public , 76, 80–83, 86 ash brook Plantation. See Darst, ella associations, voluntary. See voluntary associations auxiliary societies, church, 122–23 baldwin, John b., 155–56 barbour, James, 132 barbour bill (1878), 132, 141 bargaining power, 100–101 barker, C. t., 35, 66 bartering, 45–46, 79–80, 82 beasley, William, 166 beldale plantation. See individual members of Cocke family by name belle bryan Day Nursery, 189 belle grove. See edmonds, amanda belle Meade Plantation. See Watkins, robert belmead plantation. See individual members of Cocke family by name big house, the, 16–17. See also plantations bolling, Philip, 66–67 bondholders, 131, 132, 133; cronyism with funders, 147; image of, 137–38; as profit-mongering, 148 bonds, state, 131 bondurant, emily, 17 bonham, Dungan, and Company, 101 border agricultural society of virginia and North Carolina, 102 border grange, 102 bracketts plantation, 13, 14, 35, 44, 45. See also individual members of Watson family by name breadwinners, men as, 57, 84, 178 brown, William, 122 bruce, anne seddon, 160 bruce, Charles, 27, 127, 153–54 bruce, Charles Morrelle (Charles’s son), 160 bruce, Douglas. See bruce, J. Douglas bruce, J. Douglas, 156, 159–60, 162, 178 bruce, Philip alexander, 160, 174, 190, 192, 247n113 bruce, sally, 42 bruce, William Cabell, 160 bryan, isobel, 189 bryan, John randolph, 115 Cabell, Joseph, 92 Cabell, Mayo, 23 Carmichael, Peter, 8, 68, 162 Carter, robert randolph, 74, 202n20 Censer, Jane turner, 7, 174, 210n106 Central Presbyterian, 118 Chapman, felicia, 68, 70–71 Chapman, Mr., 68–69 charity, 95, 106 Charlottesville, va., 176 Chellowe plantation, 155. See also individual members of Robert Thruston Hubard family by name child rearing, 40, 176, 184, 245n88 children: adaptability of, 39; and agricultural associations, 111–12; daughters, 40–41, 172; and family resources, 81–83; futures of, 68, 163–65; and labor, 33–35, 49, 85–86; sons, 146, 164–65. See also postwar generation Chiles, f. W., 109 churches, 114–24; and agricultural matters, 118; attendance at, 96–97; and black women, 124; challenges of, 120–21; and domestic relations, 117; on lavishness, 119; and male 266 Index identity, 127; male officials in, 123–24; membership of women in, 120, 121–23, 230n110; presence of god, 114–15; religious publications, 115–16; and salvation, 116, 228n83; and southern sectionalism, 116, 227n77; and values, 222n17 Clarke, Martha, 39–40 class status: and appearance of homes, 56; and debt, 126; and employment, 67; men’s fear of losing, 4, 196; and middle class, 67, 161–62, 192; preservation of, 10–11, 195; public symbols of, 71–72, 74–76 class structure, southern, 192 clergy, 119–20, 221n16, 228n88 clothing, 40–41, 76, 80–81 Cocke, ivanhoe, 163 Cocke, John bowdoin, 19 Cocke, John hartwell...