Beastly Natures: Animals, Humans, and the Study of History

Index

285 Italicized page numbers refer to illustrations. abuse: catalogue of, 165; of humans, 158 Academy of Sciences, 93. See also Langer, Carl activists, 236; animal-rights, 30, 44, 49, 54; pro-wildlife, 73 Adam. See Bible Africa, 45, 51, 120; eastern, 81; southern, 41; sub-Saharan, 25 agency: of animals, 19, 27, 53, 116, 169–70, 205; historical understanding of, 4, 27; of humans, 2, 22; instinct and, 20; of nature, 27, 128 agriculture, 205; enclosure of, 166 Albania, 67–71 alligator, American, 127–52, 130; as attraction , 134; behavior of, 131; closed hunting season on, 140–42; as commodity, 136–40, 138, 142, 144; destruction of habitat of, 140, 142; domestication of, 128, 133, 134, 135; as endangered species, 140–41, 144, 145; farms, 134, 135, 139, 145; hunting of, 128, 132, 138, 140–41, 143–44, 145; as mascot, 135; as “nuisance,” 144; perceptions of, 129, 132; poaching of, 140, 142; as predator , 129–32; report of attack by, 131; as symbol of Florida landscape, 132–35, 136, 142; trade in, 144; wrestling, 134 Alligator and Its Allies, The (Reese), 131 America. See United States, states and regions of American Alligator Council, 143, 144 American Red Cross, 251, 253, 255, 256; nurses of, 246 American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), 236–37 American Society of Mechanical Engineers , 229 American Zoo and Aquarium Association , 51 anatomists, 95, 99; human, 97 animals: ability to interact with culture, 111–12; for amusement, 111–12, 120; appearance of, 41; attitudes toward, 156, 158; behavioral standards for, 170; biography, 177; in cities, 251; cohabitation with, 156; companionship, 24, 275; constructions of, 62; cruelty to, 156, 158, 163, 237; dealers, 94; death of due to flooding, 256; decrepit, 168–69; domesticated, 155, 166, 167, 170, 247, 250; domestication of, 155, 258; dominion over, 171; encounter of, 65; energy, source of, 25; experimental, 205; exploitation of, 155; extermination of, 157, 158; feelings of, 156; in floods, 254–56; gestation of, 170; habitats of, 249; independence of, 170; individuality among, 115; instilling fear in, 162; intelligence of, 157; laboratory, 30; looking at, 116; marginalization of, 47; mechanistic view of, 229–31; mental states of, 52, 178, 180; and nature, 18, 25, 29, 49, 274, 275; philosophical attitudes toward, 156; political economy in studies of, 25–26, 28; pollution by, 228; as product, 29–30; representation of, 47, I N D E X i n de x 28 6 lic demand for, 96; sight of, 90. See also chimpanzees; gorillas; orangutans “ape theory,” 82. See also Darwinism Apopka, Lake, 128 aristocracy. See class issues Ashes and Snow (Web site), 38 ass, 158, 166 Association for the Dissemination of Scientific Knowledge, 88 Astley, John, 163 audience. See visitors Audubon, John J., 247–48, 249, 254 Audubon Aquarium of the Americas, 251 Audubon Society, 140, 143 badgers, 271–72 Baret, Michael, 158, 160 Barkers for Britain, 184, 185. See also Fala Barnum, P. T., 119–20 Barnum and Bailey Circus, 41 Bartram, William, 130–31 bats, 271 bears, 247, 272 “beast machine,” 157 beavers, 272 Begu, Ferdinand, 67–68 Berger, John, 46, 47, 55 Bericht für eine Akademie (Kafka), 92 Berlin “Aquarium,” 85, 88, 97 bestiaries, 130 Bible, 120, 121, 156; scholars of, 109. See also unicorn “biocosmists,” 206 biodiversity, 73, 275; loss of, 250, 258 biography, 176, 179; canine, 177, 178–79, 180, 188, 199; dual, 180–81; of president and dog, 180. See also Suckley, Margaret birds: bower, 51; exotic, 81 Bischoff, Theodor Wilhelm Ludwig, 95 bits, 162, 164, 228, 233, 235. See also horses: cruelty to blinders, 228, 233 Blundeville, Thomas, 159, 160, 162, 163, 168 animals (continued) 53–56, 62–63, 122, 205; resistance of, 170; as scientific specimens, 119; skin of, 24, 30; as targets, 274; treatment of, 62, 157, 165, 199, 206; on trial, 2, 170; urbanization of, 228; uses of, 65. See also agency; anthropomorphism —named: Black Diamond (elephant), 42-43; Chunee (elephant), 42-43; Felicette (cat), 206; Flush (cocker spaniel), 177; Ham (chimpanzee), 206; Jumbo (elephant), 43, 205; Krao (a “hairy girl”), 99; Madame Sophie (orangutan), 81, 84, 92, 100; Mafuka (chimpanzee), 85, 86, 94, 97; Miss Bessy (orangutan), 84, 94; M’pungu (gorilla), 85, 94; Old Put (rhinoceros), 115; Polaris (Eskimo dog), 177; Seabiscuit , 205. See also Fala; Laddie Boy; Laika; space dogs, Soviet “animals of the mind,” 30 animal welfare groups, 204, 209 antelopes, 81 anthropocentrism: challenges to the notion of, 169; elements of, 189; grounds for, 171; in portraits, 181; views of the...