America's Wetland: An Environmental and Cultural History of Tidewater Virginia and North Carolina

Index

245 index Individual entries are grouped under general categories (e.g., ‘‘alligator’’ under fauna, or ’’Capt. John Smith’’ under ‘‘people, notable’’). Boldfaced page numbers refer to illustrations . African American(s), 121; Albemarle history of, 31, 120, 123, 126–28; employment of, 159, 160, 163, 184, 195, 196, 203, 204; free colored, 96, 122, 130, 132, 160; and the Ku Klux Klan, 132, 134, 134–35; post–Civil War, 131, 132; and race relations, 31, 96, 122, 130, 132–35, 134, 160, 164, 204; and segregation, 133, 134–35, 197; traditions of, 99, 100, 123, 132. See also slaves and slavery agriculture: corporate farms, 79–80, 180; dependence on waterways, 103; economic significance of, 73, 103, 141, 202–3; farming practices, 70, 72, 73, 141; mechanization of, 70, 76; pollution caused by, 79–81; prehistory of, 12, 58, 68. See also cattle; corn (maize); crops; hog(s); livestock airplane(s): celebratory, 202; crashes, 173, 175; factory, 205; forest fires and, 165, 166, 172, 173, 174 Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal: during the Civil War, 136–37, 139; history of, 105, 110; as intracoastal waterway, 105, 147; salt penetration via, 152 Albemarle peninsula, 5; agriculture on, 61, 73, 75, 180, 200, 206; famine on, 62–66; fauna of, 17, 33, 34, 38–39, 40, 42; forest fires on, 167–76; ghost towns on, 109; logging on, 159–66, 181; map of, x; and the military, 175; peat on, 176, 180–83; pollution of, 80, 182; prehistory of, 59; and slavery, 75, 123; waterways of, 52, 110; wildlife refuges, 186 Albemarle region, 3; African American heritage of, 120–23, 126–35, 212; agriculture in, 61–66, 72–73, 76, 78, 79–81, 104, 140, 142–43, 200; during the Civil War, 142–45; earthquakes and subsidence in, 45, 46, 210; economy of, 111, 203; environmental changes in, 48–49, 150–54; fisheries in, 83, 84–86; freezes in, 45; history of settlement in, 57–58; intracoastal waterways in, 146–47, 150–54; logging in, 157–59; map of, x; migration in, 57–58, 210; military in, 112, 136– 37, 139, 146–47, 175; peat in, 176; piracy in, 138; pocosin lakes, 11–13; pollution in, 79–81; prehistory and 246 W Index Albemarle region (continued) Indians in, 58, 84, 102; sea-level rise in, 210; storms in, 5, 47, 48–49, 54, 61–66, 79–81, 203; transportation canals in, 104, 112, 150–54; water highways in, 102, 115–19, 191–96; wildlife refuges, 184, 188, 189 Albemarle Sound: Batchelor Bay, 86; bridge over, 206; during the Civil War, 143–45; commerce on, 58, 61, 103, 104; fish in, 85, 86, 87, 88; frozen, 45; inlets into, 22, 50, 88; pollution in, 80; prehistory of, 7, 50; salinity changes in, 22, 49, 50, 51, 88; settlement along, 57–58, 59; steamboats on, 112, 113, 114–15, 194; storms on, 55, 196 alcohol: as biofuel, 141; brandy and rum, 61, 104; and drunkenness, 61, 164, 194; moonshine, 139, 164 Alligator Lake (New Lake): canals and road, 108; draining of, 108; history of, 107–8, 186, 205, 222n10; as pocosin lake, 11; prehistory of, 12 Alligator-PungoCanal:environmental impactof,149–54,173;historyof,147, 148–50;asintracoastalwaterway,95, 147,149;saltpenetrationvia,95,150– 54; wildlife zone proposal, 154–55 Alligator River: airplane crash in, 175; bridges over, 197–99; canals to, 108, 110, 147–50, 151; during the Civil War, 195; environmental impact on, 110, 149, 150, 169, 196; fauna of, 18– 20, 35, 85, 94, 98; flooding of, 54, 151, 161, 169, 198; and forest fires, 172, 173, 174; ghost towns along, 160–61, 190, 205; herring fishery, 92–95; Indian massacre on, 60, 138; as intracoastal waterway, 149; logging on, 152, 157, 158, 159–66, 205; salinity changes in, 95, 98, 151, 152, 157, 165; settlement history of, 59, 60; smuggling on, 102, 139; water highway on, 93, 111, 112, 159, 161, 191–99; wildlife refuges, 154, 187. See also Alligator-Pungo Canal; Gum Neck; wildlife refuges —communities and landmarks: Alligator (community), 64, 159–60, 198; Buck Ridge, 95, 205; Buckridge Reserve , 154, 165, 166, 169, 187, 188; Buffalo City, 18, 160–61, 190, 205, 212; Clabber Point, 172; Deep Point, 95, 193; East Lake, 34, 112, 139, 158, 161, 194, 198, 205; Fort Landing, 194; Frying Pan, 19, 43, 92–95, 162, 205; Gum Neck Creek, 175; Head River, 108; Hussey’s Cut, 196; Long Shoal Point, 196; Newfoundland, 194; Northwest Fork, 162, 164, 174, 198; Roper Island, 187, 188; Sea Going...