Garbage In, Garbage Out: Solving the Problems with Long-Distance Trash Transport

Notes

Notes Introduction 1. Davis, When Smoke Ran Like Water; McDonough and Braungart, Cradle to Cradle. 2. Buddy Duseau, trash hauler, interview, in Schwerin and Schwerin, Talking Trash. 3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ‘‘Methane: Sources and Emissions’’; Thorneloe, U.S. EPA’s Field Test Programs; Christenson and Cozzarelli, Norman Landfill Environmental Research Site. 4. Verchick, ‘‘Commerce Clause’’; U.S. Congressional Research Service, Interstate Shipment of MSW: 2007 Update. 5. ‘‘New York v. Virginia: Dumping Grounds,’’ The Economist, February 20, 1999, 27; U.S. Congressional Research Service, Interstate Shipment of MSW: 2007 Update. 6. Gri≈n, ‘‘Garbage Crisis’’; Nosenchuck, ‘‘25th Anniversary of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation’’; Miller, Fat of the Land. 7. Lipton, ‘‘As Imported Garbage Piles Up, So Do Worries’’; Lipton, ‘‘City Trash Follows Long and Winding Road’’; ‘‘Reciprocal Garbage,’’ New York Post, January 15, 1999; Vivian E. Thomson, interview by Amy Scott, ‘‘Turning Trash into Cash,’’ Marketplace , American Public Media broadcast, November 9, 2007, http://marketplace .publicradio.org/display/web/2007/11/09/consumed2—mm—7/. 8. Speth, Red Sky at Morning; Diamond, Collapse. 1. All Garbage Is Local 1. Martin Tolchin, ‘‘Thomas P. O’Neill Jr., A Democratic Power in the House for Decades, Dies at 81,’’ New York Times, January 7, 1995. 2. Melosi, Garbage in the Cities. 3. Thomson and White, ‘‘Garbage In, Garbage Out.’’ 4. Mike Giuranna, Solid Waste Specialist, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 3, to author, October 11, 2005. 5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ‘‘Municipal Solid Waste, 2007.’’ 6. As reported in Murray and Spence, ‘‘Fair Weather Federalism,’’ 74. 7. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ‘‘Municipal Solid Waste, 2007.’’ 134 Notes to Pages 5–24 8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ‘‘Methane: Sources and Emissions’’; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ‘‘Landfill Gas Primer’’; Eklund et al., ‘‘Landfill Gas at Fresh Kills.’’ 9. El-Fadel et al., ‘‘Environmental Impacts of Solid Waste Landfilling.’’ 10. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ‘‘Landfill Methane Outreach Program ,’’ http://www.epa.gov/lmop/overview.htm. 11. Okuda and Thomson, ‘‘Regionalization in Japan’’; Integrated Waste Services, ‘‘Fact Sheet.’’ 12. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ‘‘Air Regulations for Municipal Waste Combustors.’’ 13. Sabbas et al., ‘‘Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Residues’’; Puder, ‘‘Trash, Ash, and the Phoenix’’; Astrup et al., ‘‘Towards an Improved Understanding of Leaching Behavior.’’ 14. El-Fadel et al., ‘‘Environmental Impacts of Solid Waste Landfilling’’; Knickerbocker , ‘‘Katrina Lays Bare Superfund Woes.’’ 15. These regulations are codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 258 (‘‘Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills’’), http://www.access.gpo. gov/nara/cfr/waisidx—03/40cfr258—03.html; New York State’s MSW landfill regulations are described at http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/23682.html. 16. Puder, ‘‘Trash, Ash, and the Phoenix.’’ 17. Sources of information for statistics cited in this section are U.S. Congressional Research Service, Managing Electronic Waste; U.S. Government Accountability O≈ce, ‘‘Electronic Waste’’; Mooallem, ‘‘Afterlife of Cell Phones’’; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ‘‘Management of Electronic Wastes.’’ 18. Solid Waste Disposal Act as Amended Through Public Law 107-377, Public Law 94-580, 107th Cong., 2d sess. (December 31, 2002), 81–82. 19. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ‘‘FY 2008: EPA Budget in Brief.’’ 20.Montgomery,‘‘E√ectsoftheLomaPrietaEarthquake’’;Strasser,WasteandWant; Melosi, Garbage in the Cities; Louis, ‘‘Historical Context of Municipal Solid Waste.’’ 21. California Integrated Waste Management Board, ‘‘Waste Banned from the Trash,’’ http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/HHW/Info/default.htm. 22. U.S. Congressional Research Service, Interstate Shipment of MSW: 2004 Update ; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ‘‘Assessment of OSW’s 35 Percent MSW Goal’’; Adam B. Ellick, ‘‘Houston Resists Recycling and Independent Streak Is Cited,’’ New York Times, July 29, 2008. 23. Canterbury and Newill, ‘‘Pay-As-You-Throw Payo√.’’ 24. U.S. Congressional Research Service, Managing Electronic Waste; U.S. Congressional Research Service, Interstate Shipment of MSW: 2007 Update. 25. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ‘‘Municipal Solid Waste, 2006’’; Repa, ‘‘Solid Waste Disposal Trends.’’ According to Repa, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin , and Alaska reported 748, 256, 727, and 404 closures, respectively; no other state reported more than 200 closures. 26. Gri≈n, ‘‘Garbage Crisis’’; Lipton, ‘‘As Imported Garbage Piles Up, So Do Worries.’’ Notes to Pages 24–32 135 27. Repa, ‘‘Solid Waste Disposal Trends’’; Repa, ‘‘Interstate Movement of Solid Waste’’; U.S. Government Accounting O≈ce, ‘‘Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Waste.’’ 28...