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Index
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281 Adams, Abigail, 2, 107, 108, 131, 133, 145, 161, 165 Adams, Abigail (Nabby), 157, 161, 164, 171 Adams, John, 2, 8, 38, 95, 106–14, 118–23, 131–49, 156–57, 159, 161, 165–67, 171, 173–74, 204, 223–25, 228–30, 234, 236–40; Defence of the Constitutions of the United States, 137–39, 142, 144–47, 167, 174, 181, 185, 192; “Letters of Novanglus,”144, 147; political thought, 110, 137–46, 148–49; reading habits of, 136–37; Thoughts on Government, 147; view of the Dutch, 107–14, 122–23 Adams, John Quincy, 52, 240 Adams, Louisa Catherine, 263, 265 Adams, Samuel, 138 Adams,Thomas Boylston, 236, 240 Adams family, 131 affection, discussed by Francis Hutcheson, 65; importance of to eighteenth-century Britons, 62, 63, 64, 73–75 African Americans, 22, 26, 202–3, 206; enslavement of shapes metropolitan perceptions of America, 49–51; in London , 47–50 agricultural fairs, 212 agriculture, 200–201, 203–6. See also plow Algiers, 191, 193, 196 Alien Acts, 230 America, 15–29, 107, 109, 121–23, 132, 148, 155–56, 216, 247–54, 260–61, 265–66, 269–70. See also United States of America American Indians, 179, 181, 187–90, 200; Enlightenment theories of development , 16, 25–26, 200; U.S. diplomacy with, 181, 187–90 American Intercourse Bill (1783), 97–98 American Philosophical Society, 26–27, 204–6 American Revolution, 1–12, 33–34, 51, 66–77, 133, 135, 144, 169, 179, 224, 226, 229 American Revolutionary War, 4, 43, 64, 75–76, 83–95, 188–89 Amos, William, 211 Amsterdam, 106, 110, 113, 118–19, 135, 149 Anglo-French Commercial Treaty (1786), 85, 99 animals, differences between Old World and New World species, 16, 22–23, 24 aristocracy, 2, 5, 8, 10, 107, 139–40, 141–44, 146–49, 249, 262–63, 267–70 Arnold, Benedict, 44 Astor, John Jacob, 268 Atlantic Ocean, 1–3, 7–8, 201 Atlantic world, 2–3, 6–10, 61, 62, 64, 248, 262; commerce in, 1, 6, 109; communication in, 6–7, 62–63, 67–77, 147 Aurora (Philadelphia newspaper), 231, 236–37, 239 Austria, 106 Bache, Benjamin Franklin, 231 Baldwin, Abraham, 227, 231 Baltimore, 250–51, 254–55, 261, 267, 269–70 Bancroft, Edward, 141 Barclay, Robert, 211 Barlow, Joel, 191, 224–34, 240 Bayly, Robert, 259 Belamy, Pierre, 224 Belknap, Jeremy, 28 Bellini, Charles, 155 Berkeley, George, 2 Biddle, Nicholas, 42 Bingham, Anne Willing, 162, 262–63, 265 Bingham, William, 162 Index Index 282 Cochin, Charles Nicholas, 169–70 Codman, Richard, 235, 238, 240 Common Sense (Paine), 2 Condorcet, marquis de, 95 Connecticut Wits, 232 Continental Congress, 83, 87, 95, 106, 109–10, 133, 135, 144, 147–48, 180 Coombe,Thomas, 74–76 Cooper, James Fenimore, 52, 213, 264 Copley, John Singleton, 171, 173–74; John Adams, 171, 173–74 Cornwallis, Lord Charles, 95–96 Cosway, Maria, 168, 202 Cowper, Margaret, 65, 70–72 Craven, John H., 215 Cruger, Henry, 37 Cumberland, Richard, 50 Cutting, Nathaniel, 226 Deane, Silas, 95, 141, 181, 184–85, 194 Declaration of Independence, 95 Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, 179 Delancey family, 39, 42–44, 52 De Pauw, Corneille, 17 diplomatic protocol, 7–8, 135, 157, 179–81, 183–88, 190–92, 197, 226–27 Directory, the, 223–25, 229, 231, 234–37, 239 Dulany, Daniel, Jr., 50–51 Dumas, Charles W. F., 106, 110–11, 115–16, 122 Eaton, William, 258 Eden, William, 8, 83–95, 98–99; Four Letters to the Earl of Carlisle, 88, 91–94; A Fifth Letter to the Earl of Carlisle, 88–89, 95 Edinburgh (Scotland), 214 Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte (painting; Firmin Massot), 254 England, 65, 68, 132, 159, 163, 207, 261. See also British empire; Great Britain environment, 15–16, 26–28; Enlightenment notions of effects on human development , 21–22, 24–26 Estaing, Charles Hector, comte d’, 183 Europe, 1–5, 7–12, 15–19, 23–28, 109, 121–23, 131–33, 137–38, 141, 147–48, 155–57, 161–62, Bonaparte, Elizabeth Patterson, 249–71 Bonaparte, Jerome Napoleon, 249–50, 253–54, 256–58, 261, 267 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 249–50, 253–56, 258–62, 264 Bordley, John Beale, 207 Boston, 34, 37, 41, 44, 50–51, 75, 138, 149, 161 Bowdoin, James, 138 Bristed, John, 25 Britain. See Great Britain British Board of Agriculture, 204–5 British Board of Trade, 83 British empire, 1–6, 10, 12, 32–53, 61–64, 83–99 Brown, Charles Brockden, 27 Brown...