Blue Laws and Black Codes: Conflict, Courts, and Change in Twentieth-Century Virginia

Index

Abbitt, Watkins M. (congressman), 202 Abel, Richard (scholar), 79, 229 n.36 Abortion, 215 Act to Preserve Racial Integrity (1924), 143, 148–49, 150–51, 154, 173, 199 Age of Jackson ( Jacksonian Democracy), 57, 170 Alabama: black woman lawyer in, 74; Montgomery, 115; Birmingham, 136, 138; and miscegenation laws, 143, 146, 152, 160, 246 n.55; Supreme Court, 143, 146; poll taxes in, 184, 188, 251 n.71; apportionment in, 192–93 Albemarle County, Va., 16, 32 Alderman, Edwin A., 73 Alexandria, Va., 83, 100, 156, 168, 203; 1939 library sit-in at, 88–89, 114 Alexandria Black History Resource Center , 89 Allen, Florence Ellinwood (lawyer), 67 Allen, George (governor), 207 Allen, Macon Bolling (lawyer), 61 Allen, Thomas C., 177 Almond, J. Lindsay, Jr.: as judge, 47–48; as attorney general, 107, 183, 249 n.44; as governor, 123 Alston, Melvin O. (teacher), 89, 90–92 Alston v. School Board of the City of Norfolk (1940), 90–91, 92, 93, 105, 109 Amending America, 2 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU): and interracial marriage, 156, 160, 164, 165; 181; and poll taxes, 181 Index American Peanut Corporation, 47 Amherst County, Va., 150 Anderson, Frank H., 19 Anderson, Robert S. (minister), 121 Anderson, William A. (delegate), 171–72 Anglo-Saxon Clubs of America, 148 Apportionment: of legislative seats, 4, 13, 170, 191–96, 200; of school funds, 5, 8, 91, 94 Arizona: and interracial marriage laws, 159 Arkansas, and poll tax, 184, 251 n.71 Arlan’s Department Store of Louisville v. Kentucky (1962), 225 n.56 Arlington, Va., 182 Arlington County, Va., 106, 182, 192 Ashley v. School Board of Gloucester County (1948), 105 Asian Americans: as lawyers, 65t; as law students and law graduates, 79, 232 n.72; and interracial marriage laws, 149, 151, 160, 165, 166 Atkinson, Frank B. (historian), 172 Atlanta Constitution, 67 Atlantic Monthly, 160–61 Augusta County, Va., 39 Avins, Alfred (lawyer), 160, 161, 246 n.55 Bailey, Rolen, 53 Baker v. Carr (1962), 192 Baliles, Gerald L.: as attorney general, 206; as governor, 206–7 Baltimore, Md., 6, 37, 70, 97, 150 Banks, W. Lester, 104, 132 Barbour, John S. (delegate), 172 Barron, Jennie Loitman (lawyer), 67 Bartelme, Mary Margaret (lawyer), 67 Baseball parks: and Sunday closing laws, 36–37, 41–44; and racial segregation, 137–38 Bassette, A. W. E., Jr. (lawyer), 63, 177– 78 Bassette, Andrew William Ernest, Sr. (lawyer), 63 Bazile, Leon M.: as judge in a Sunday closing case, 45–46; as trial judge in the Loving case, 154–55, 156, 157; as state assistant attorney general, 175 Bell v. Maryland (1964), 243 n.68 Benderson Development Company, 54 Benderson Development Co. v. Sciortino (Va., 1988), 54–55, 57, 58 Benton, James W., Jr. (judge), 206, 207 Berney, Arthur L. (law professor), 164 Beyer, Donald S., Jr. (lieutenant governor ), 206 Bibb, William E. (attorney), 20, 21 Black, Aline Elizabeth (teacher), 89–90, 91–92 Black code (1865–66), 4–5, 14; of Virginia , 4–5; of Mississippi, 5; as baseline , 5, dismantled by 1967, 210 Blaylock, Tom (lawyer), 53 Bliley v. West (1930), 176 Blue laws, 11, 14, 210. See also Sunday closing laws Board of Public Works (1816), 3, 196 Bond, Julian, 89 Bonnie BeLo Enterprises, 51 Bonnie BeLo Enterprises v. Commonwealth (Va., 1976), 51 Booker T. Washington High School, 90, 92 Boothe, Armistead L. (legislator), 100, 200 Boston Braves, 36 Boston College Law School, 164 Boston University Law School, 63, 78 Bowler, Antoinette E. (teacher), 92 Bowling Green, Va., 168 256 Index Boyd, Leona Eve, 168 Bradwell, Myra, 64 Bradwell, In re (Ill., 1869), 64, 70 Bradwell v. Illinois (1873), 64 Branch, Ollie Mae, 95 Braunfield v. Brown (1961), 225 n.56 Breedlove v. Suttles (1937), 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 189–90 British Parliament, 37 Bronough, Minor (lawyer), 148 Brooks, Robert Peel (lawyer), 62 Brown, Annie M. (lawyer), 72 Brown, Felix J., 121, 137 Browning, George Landon (justice), 47 Brown v. Board of Education (1954), 103– 4, 108–11, 120, 136, 193, 199, 201, 202, 211; and interracial marriage, 151, 152, 163, 164–65, 166 Brown v. Board of Education (1955), 104, 109, 199 Brown v. City of Richmond (Va., 1963), 138 Brunswick County, Va., 186 Bryan, Albert V. (judge), 183 Buchanan, Archibald Chapman (justice), 151–52 Buckner, Mina, 101 Burks, Edward C. (judge), 69 Burks, Martin Parks (judge), 39–40, 42 Burns v. State (Ala., 1872), 143, 159, 160 Burton, Harold M. (justice), clerk quoted, 152 Butler, Jake, 23–24 Butler, Jessie, 182–84, 190–91...