Blue Laws and Black Codes: Conflict, Courts, and Change in Twentieth-Century Virginia

Notes

Abbreviations ANB John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes, eds., American National Biography, 24 vols. (New York, 1999) CDP Charlottesville Daily Progress CRLDP Civil Rights Lawyers Documentary Project, Richmond Debates, 1901–2 Report of the Proceedings and Debates of the Constitutional Convention , State of Virginia, Held in the City of Richmond, June 12, 1901, to June 26, 1902, 2 vols. (Richmond, 1906) DVB John T. Kneebone et al., eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography (Richmond, 1998–) JHR Journal of the House of Representatives JNE Journal of Negro Education JS Journal of the Senate JSH Journal of Southern History Landmark Briefs Philip B. Kurland and Gerhard Casper, eds., Landmark Briefs and Arguments of the Supreme Court of the United States: Constitutional Law (Arlington, Va., 1975–) NA National Archives, Washington, D.C. NJG Norfolk Journal and Guide NYT New York Times PW Peter Wallenstein RAA Richmond Afro American RD Richmond Dispatch RNL Richmond News Leader RT Roanoke Times RTD Richmond Times-Dispatch RTWN Roanoke Times and World-News Thorpe, Constitutions Francis Newton Thorpe, comp., The Federal and State Constitutions , 7 vols. (Washington, D.C., 1909) UVA Lib. Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VMHB Virginia Magazine of History and Biography Notes VRHC Valentine Richmond History Center, Richmond VSCOB Virginia Supreme Court Order Book (microfilm, Library of Virginia) VSSJ Virginia Social Science Journal WP Washington Post Introduction: Amending the South, Amending America 1. Richard B. Bernstein with Jerome Agel, Amending America: If We Love the Constitution So Much, Why Do We Keep Trying to Change It? (New York, 1993); see also Sanford Levinson, ed., Responding to Imperfection: The Theory and Practice of Constitutional Amendment (Princeton, N.J., 1995), and David E. Kyvig, Explicit and Authentic Acts: Amending the U.S. Constitution, 1776–1995 (Lawrence, Kans., 1996). 2. PW, From Slave South to New South: Public Policy in Nineteenth-Century Georgia (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1987), 26–38, 63–68; Douglas R. Egerton, Charles Fenton Mercer and the Trial of National Conservatism ( Jackson, Miss., 1989), 100–105, 116–28; George B. Tindall, The Emergence of the New South, 1913–1945 (Baton Rouge, La., 1967), chap. 8; William A. Link, A Hard Country and a Lonely Place: Schooling, Reform, and Society in Rural Virginia, 1870–1920 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1986). 3. Louis P. Masur, 1831: Year of Eclipse (New York, 2001), 9–62; William A. Link, Roots of Secession: Slavery and Politics in Antebellum Virginia (Chapel Hill, N.C., 2003); see also Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1999). 4. Julian A. C. Chandler, Representation in Virginia (Baltimore, 1896); Craig Simpson , “Political Compromise and the Protection of Slavery: Henry A. Wise and the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850–1851,” VMHB 83 (Oct. 1975): 387–405; Alison Goodyear Freehling, Drift toward Dissolution: The Virginia Slavery Debate of 1831–1832 (Baton Rouge, La., 1982); William W. Freehling, The Road to Disunion, vol. 1, Secessionists at Bay, 1776–1854 (New York, 1990), chaps. 9–10; Daniel W. Crofts, Old Southampton: Politics and Society in a Virginia County, 1834–1869 (Charlottesville, Va., 1992); William G. Shade, Democratizing the Old Dominion: Virginia and the Second Party System, 1824–1861 (Charlottesville, Va., 1996). 5. Richard Lowe, Republicans and Reconstruction in Virginia, 1856–70 (Charlottesville , Va., 1991); Ervin L. Jordan Jr., Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Civil War Virginia (Charlottesville, Va., 1995). 6. Lowe, Republicans and Reconstruction, 46–48; Alrutheus Ambush Taylor, The Negro in the Reconstruction of Virginia (Washington, D.C., 1926), 8–28; Eric Foner, Reconstruction : America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877 (New York, 1988), 199–201. 7. PW, Virginia Tech, Land-Grant University, 1872–1997: History of a School, a State, a Nation (Blacksburg, Va., 1997), 7–52; Edgar Toppin, Loyal Sons and Daughters: Virginia State University, 1882–1992 (Norfolk, Va., 1992), 13–21. 8. Jack P. Maddex Jr., The Virginia Conservatives, 1867–1879: A Study in Reconstruction Politics (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1970); James Tice Moore, Two Paths to the New South: The Virginia Debt Controversy, 1870–1883 (Lexington, Ky., 1974); Jane Dailey, Before Jim Crow: The Politics of Race in Postemancipation Virginia (Chapel Hill, N.C., 2000). 9. PW, Virginia Tech, 53–61; Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia , 1865–1895 (Norfolk, Va., 1945); Michael B. Chesson, “Richmond’s Black Coun218 Notes to Pages 2 – 6 cilmen,” in Southern Black Leaders of...