Freedom's Promise: Ex-Slave Families and Citizenship in the Age of Emancipation

Index

Abbey, Tabby,  Abolitionists: on slave families, ‒; on slavery’s effects, ‒n. Adams, Ezra, ‒ Adams, Isaac,  Adams, Samuel,  Adultery, attitudes toward,  Aernam, H. Van,  African Americans: attitudes toward, ‒, ‒; as individuals, ; socialization of, ‒; testimony of, ; themes of, ‒. See also Families; Pensions; Slaves, former Age, in oral culture,  Agency, pension records as evidence of, , ‒ Agricultural labor, after slavery, , n. Aldredge, Jack,  Alexander, Amsy O.,  Alexander, John,  Allen, Charles, ‒ Allen, Jim,  Allen, Lucy, ‒ American Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission : on family relations, ‒; on marriage and chastity, ; on slavery ’s effects,  American Tract Society, ‒ Anderson, Charles, , ‒ Apprenticeship, laws on, , , n. Arrears Act (): components of, ‒n., n.; liberalization of, ‒n. Atkinson, H. M.,  Austin, Hannah,  Avery, Celestia,  Ayres, Walter, , ‒ Baker, J. H., , n. Barbour, Mary,  Bardaglio, Peter, , , n., n. Barnard, Grandy,  Barnard, Ned: Harriet Gray compared to, ; illegitimate son of, ‒, ‒; pension claim of, ‒, ; wages of,  Barnard, Thomas,  Barnett, Ida B. Wells,  Barney, Spriggs,  Barney, Thomas,  Batchellor, Ann Eliza, ‒ Batchellor, Mary, ‒ Bates, Edward, n. Index Beaman, William, , , ,  Beckett, Harrison,  Bentley, J. A.,  Benton, John H., ‒ Berlin, Ira, ‒, , ,  Berry, Andrew,  Berry, Harriet: attitudes toward, ‒; correspondence of, ‒, ; escape of, ‒, ; as example, ‒, ‒, ; family name of, ‒, ‒, ; husband’s bounty and, ‒; marriage ceremony of, ; pension claim of, ‒ Berry, Joseph: bounty for, ‒; death of, , , ; enlistment of, ; escape of, ‒; identity of,  Berry, Robert,  Black, Jimmy (aka Jimmy of the Battery ), ‒ Black Boy (Wright), ‒ Black Codes: apprenticeship under, , , n.; components of, ‒; marriage under, , n. Blackman, Henry, ,  Bodie, Tom,  Booker, Adam,  Booker, Betsy, ‒ Bost, Jonas,  Bost, W. L.,  Bostick, J. W., ,  Botume, Elizabeth Hyde, ‒ Bounds, Sarah,  Brinckerhoff, Isaac, ‒ Brown, Helen E., ‒, ,  Brown, John C.,  Brown, Lizzie Fant,  Brown, Shelton,  Brown, William Wells, ‒ Bundick, Levi,  Burgess, Martha, ‒ Burgess, Mary,  Burnham, Margaret, , n. Butler, Gen. Benjamin,  Butler, Tanya,  Cahoon, John C.: name of, ‒, n.; as owner, ‒, n. Cahoon, William, ,  Caldwell, Louisa, , , ,  Campbell, F. L.,  Camphor, Catherine: age of, n.; claim of, ; hierarchy of family relationships and, ‒; on relationships , ‒ Camphor, John: hierarchy of family relationships and, ‒; relationships of, ‒; will of,  Camphor, Sarah: hierarchy of family relationships and, ‒; pension claim of, ‒ Cartwright, Miles,  Chandler, Steve,  Cherry, Freeman,  Cherry, Isabella, ,  Children: economic contributions of, , n.; emancipated from parents , ‒; expected support from, , , ‒; fraudulent claims and, ; of free vs. slave parents, ‒; marriage dissociated from, ; master’s treatment of, ‒; ownership/custody of, ‒, ‒, , ‒n., n., n.; pension amounts and, ‒n.; support for, . See also Dependence and support; Family names; Legitimacy; Minors’ pensions Citizenship: claim to, ‒; components Index  of, , ; debate on, ‒; definitions of, , ‒; family’s link to, ‒, , , ‒; identity and, ; marriage as contract in, , ; transition to, , ‒ Civil rights, debate on, ‒ Civil Rights Act (), ,  Claim agents, fraud of, ‒, ,  Clarke, E. M., ‒ Cloon, M. M.,  Cobb, Charles, , ‒ Cohabitation: marriage vs., ‒, ; pension lost due to, ‒; use of term, . See also “Taking up” Cole, Thomas,  Collins, John, ,  Congress: on multiple slave marriages, n.; on requirements for pensions , ‒; rights and equality debated in, ‒; slave marriages legitimized by, ‒; on widows’ and minors’ pensions, ‒; on widow’s cohabitation, . See also Laws Constitution, on apportioning representation , ‒. See also Fifteenth Amendment ; Fourteenth Amendment Contrabands, use of term, n. Cooper (lawyer),  Cox, Chris C.,  Cragget, Emily, ‒ Crandall, Ephraim,  Crandall, Rosetta, ‒ Cropper, Katy,  Cropper, Sallie, ‒, , ‒ Davis, Webster, ‒, , n. Deep Creek Baptist Church (Portsmouth),  Dependence and support: after slavery, ‒; collective approach to, ‒; continued problematics of, ‒; liberalized pension laws and, ‒; pension system’s definition of, ‒ Dependent Pension Act (), ‒ Desendorff, John L., ,  Disease and illness: disability pensions based on, ; in parents’ pension claims, ‒; soldiers’ deaths from, , , ,  Divorce, ‒,  Documentation: age book as, ; fraudulent , ‒; insufficient, . See also Public records Dodge, Victor I.,  Domestic relations law, ,  Domestic workers, , n., n. Douglass, Frederick: grandmother of, ‒, ; on honesty, ; on legitimacy , ; on naming, ; on slave families, ‒,  Dred Scott decision, , n. DuBois, W. E. B., ‒ Dudley, W. W., ‒,  Eason, Miles, , , , ‒ Eason, Rena: assistance for, ; familial support and, ; husband of, ; landownership of, , ‒; pension for, , ‒ Edwards, Doc,  Edwards, Laura: on agricultural work, , n.; on landownership, ; on male authority, , ; on marriages , n., ‒n., ‒n.; on subsistence, n. Emancipation Proclamation, , ‒, n. Index  Employment: balancing family and, ; as domestic laborer, , n., n.; by Union army, . See also Dependence and support; United States Colored Troops (USCT) Engs, Robert F., n. Evarts, Agnes (or Stone), , ‒ Evarts, Nathan (or Stone), , ‒ Families: citizenship’s link to, ‒, , , ‒; definitions of, , ‒; ethos of mutuality in, , ‒, ; father as head of, ‒, n.; formalization of, ‒; legal status of, ‒, ; men’s responsibility for, ‒, , ‒; multiple providers in, ‒, ‒; reciprocal relations in, ‒, ‒, , ; reconstruction of, ‒, ; right to, , , ‒n.; slave vs. ideal type of, ‒, ‒, ‒; state’s expectations of, ‒, ‒, ‒; women’s focus on, , , ‒; women’s subordination in, ‒, ‒. See also Family names; Family relationships and roles; Slave families Family names...