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Index
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251 Addams, Jane, 96 adenoids, hypertrophied, 82, 99, 131–32, 135, 142; as cause of backwardness and behavioral problems, 138, 161; as portal for bacteria, 138. See also adenoidectomies adenoidectomies, 138, 141, 144–45, 156 African American schoolchildren, rural, 168–69 Agnew, Cornelius, 27–29 Alcott, William Andrus, 11; The House I Live In, 180 Allport, Frank, 80 American Academy of Medicine, 88 American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, 204 American Association for the Study and Prevention of Infant Mortality, 165 American Child Health Association, 177, 189, 192; research division, 202 American Child Hygiene Association, 165, 177, 184, 187 American Dental Association, 189 American Home Economics Association, 115 American Medical Association, 11, 83, 88, 159; opposition to federal funding for school health, 168, 204; opposition to treatment in schools, 141, 188, 204; promotion of health education, 189–90; section on childhood diseases, 34, 53; support for medical inspection, 74–75, 141. See also Joint Committee on Health Problems in Education American Ophthalmological Association, 129 American Pediatric Society, 34, 37 American Public Health Association, 10–12, 17, 29, 42, 54, 57, 88, 187; Committee on School Hygiene 10, 14; report on closing schools during epidemics, 162; and school hygienists, 85, 187; support for medical inspection, 75 American School Hygiene Association (ASHA), 131, 160, 165, 187, 190; organization and activities, 88–94; surveys sponsored, 144 American Social Science Association, 26, 28, 55 American Statistical Association, 72 anthropometric studies, 33, 35, 69, 77, 178, 179. See also Bowditch, William; Porter, William T.; weighing and measuring astigmatism, 92, 132, 137 Astoria Demonstration Study, 202 Atlanta, GA: schoolchildren’s eyesight surveyed, 28 Atlanta Constitution, 93 atmospheric pollution: gaseous, 12, 18, 20– 22; microbial, 44–45, 48. See also school diseases; ventilation Ayres, Leonard, 146, 172; directs Backward Children Investigation, 76; Laggards in Our Schools, 76–79 Backward Children Investigation, 76–79. See also grade retardation Baker, Henry B., 43 Baker, S. Josephine, 85–86, 88, 97, 113, 129–30, 133, 136, 142, 173–75, 189; Child Hygiene, 175 Baldwin, Bird, weight chart, 179 Baltimore, MD, 68, 79, 109; charity organization opposition to school feeding 47; sanitary surveys of schools, 15, 19; school nurses, 63, 145 Baltimore American, 47 Barnard, Henry, 11; School Architecture, 16 Beard, George, 33 Beer, Georg Joseph, 22 Behring, Emil von, 108, 163 Bell, Agrippa N., 17, 46, 49. See also Sanitarian Berlin, Germany, 45, 106 Bissel v. Davison, 66 Index 252 Index Boas, Franz, 88 Boston, 12, 26, 28, 34, 42, 49, 73, 87, 88, 90, 92, 106 122, 126, 154, 197; adopts exclusion , 49–50; clinics, 134, 140; diphtheria immunization, 163; malnutrition, 104, 113, 118; medical inspection for contagious disease, 52, 55–57, 60–61, 63–64; medical inspection for defects, 81–82, 174; nurses, 63, 82; open-air schools, 106–7, 111, 113; school feeding, 115–18, 121–22, 124, 126; school sanitary inspection , 14–15, 17; vaccination required, 54. See also Boston Dispensary; Durgin, Samuel; Forsyth Dental Infirmary for Children; Gallivan, William; Harrington, Charles Boston Dispensary, 30, 131, 134 Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 18, 31–32, 52 Boughton, Alice, 115 Bowditch, William, 33 Breslau (Wroclaw), Poland, 23, 91 Bridgeport, CT, 153; dental hygienist experiment , 149–50 Brooklyn, NY, 27, 50; eyesight of schoolchildren surveyed, 28; vaccination required, 54 Brussels, Belgium, 14 Bryant, Louis Stevens, 125 Buffalo, NY, 89; school feeding, 115; school sanitary survey, 19 Burks, Jesse, 135 Burnham, William, 36, 45, 88, 98, 122 Cabot, Arthur T., 87–88 California: cleanliness legislation, 48 Canada: medical inspection, 87 Capper, Arthur, 167–68 Carrington, Thomas, 107 Catholic Church: and Fess-Capper bill, 168; and school feeding, 121 Chapin, Charles V., 59, 131; on need for school clinics, 136, 140; on need for school nurses, 134; on physicians’ resistance to school clinics, 142 Chapin, Henry Dwight, 38, 177 Chapman, Robert Coit, 121–22 Charities and the Commons, 118–19, 143 Charleston, SC: scarlet fever epidemic, 40 Charlottenberg, Germany: open-air school, 106, 111 Chicago IL, 13, 18, 66, 74, 168; board of education, 115; dental clinics, 152–55, 198; department of health, 54, 57, 59, 61, 163; diphtheria immunization program, 163; malnutrition, 104, 113, 119; medical inspection, 59, 81, 134, 143, 174; openair schools, 107, 111, 113, organized charities, 117; school feeding, 115, 117, 120–21, 124; schools, 57, 68, 76, 90, 173, 198–99; vaccination, 61–62. See also Elizabeth McCormick Memorial Fund Chicago Daily Tribune, 104, 155, 198 Chicago Dental Society, 155, 198 Chicago Federation of Women’s Clubs, 124 Chicago Public School League...