Conceiving Cuba: Reproduction, Women, and the State in the Post-Soviet Era

Index

165 INDEX abortions: access to, 42–43; as act of nurturance /responsibility, 77–81; contraceptives and, 72–74; as fertility limitation, 68–70; genetic counseling and, 54; late, 70, 86– 88, 90, 148n3; legrados (dilation & curettage abortions), 70, 71, 73, 87–88, 90–91, 148n2; modernity and, 81–83; openness about, 77–78, 89; pharmaceutical, 73, 148n4; policies on, 70–72; regulaciones (vacuum aspiration abortions), 70, 71, 73, 84, 86–88, 90–91, 148n2, 149n16; risk and, 70–73, 86, 90–91; unnecessary, 88, 90–91; unwanted kinship ties and, 132–33, 134 Afro-Cubans, 4, 57, 122, 127 Alexander, M. Jacqui, 34 babies, low-birth-weight, 41, 46–48, 49, 54, 61, 64–65 babies, premature, 41, 61 Bebel, August, 11, 24, 139 Bengelsdorf, Carollee, 39, 147n6 birth, medicalization of, 41–42, 61 birth control pills, 43, 84–85, 95 birthrate, 43, 44, 47, 69, 138, 142 birth weight, 41, 46–48, 49, 54, 61, 64–65 Bledsoe, Caroline, 135, 151n7 boarding schools, 32–33, 73–74 Bohemia (magazine), 33, 112, 121, 143 Brennan, Denise, 115 Brotherton, P. Sean, 49, 112 Bush administration, 49, 121, 134 camellos (passenger tractor-trailers), 105 Canada, 48, 119, 120 caregiving: state and, 100–104, 130–31; women’s responsibility for, 139. See also childcare; nurturance Castro, Fidel: on abortion, 71; military masculinity of, 35–36; on public health, 49; on sex work, 126; on taxi drivers, 106; wet foot/dry foot policy of, 15; on women and the revolution, 13, 31, 40; on women in the workforce, 36, 39 Castro, Raúl, 14, 107, 138, 142, 150n5 Castro Espín, Mariela, 140 Catholicism, 71, 115 Center for Youth Studies, 143 childcare: Castro on, 36; in productive sphere, 39; provided by state, 13, 22, 31; shortages of, 38, 78, 108, 138; state employment and, 95–99, 108–9; in United States, 8, 12, 111–12, 145n12. See also nurturance children: beliefs about importance of, 75– 76; fostering of, 148–49n7; migration and, 133–34; rations for, 2; remittances and, 121 China, 8, 115 class: culture and, 57; fertility and, 82; gender divisions and, 27–28; occupations and, 21; social reproduction and, 11 Colen, Shellee, 9 colonialism, 26–27, 33, 130, 131 compliance, 55–58, 60 Conceiving the New World Order (Ginsburg and Rapp), 6 conditions (for raising a child), 78–81, 82– 83, 90, 91–92, 121, 128–30, 138 condoms, 42, 85, 89 contraceptives: abortion and, 72–74; access to, 42, 43–44; gender and, 88–89; lack of improvement in, 91; lack of information about, 44, 83, 95; risks of, 83–86; state’s neglect of, 147n17; use of, 69–70 Cuba (magazine), 40 Cuban Communist Party, 25 Cuban Workers’ Union, 39 CUC (Cuban convertible pesos), 15, 63, 96, 97, 99, 111, 145n2 day care. See childcare desvinculados (unemployed persons), 97, 119, 150n9 diaphragms, 42, 43 diet, during pregnancy, 2, 52, 61, 62 disability, 128, 131 discipline: of doctors, 63–65; governance through, 7; high fertility and, 82; maternity homes and, 62–63; noncompliance and, 56–59; prenatal care and, 48, 52–57; socialist morality and, 28, 40, 55–57, 66–67 divorce, 37 166 INDEX doctors: increase in numbers of, 148n2; international service and, 102–3; state’s connection to, 100–101, 102–4; state surveillance over, 63–65 dollar economy, 4, 15–16, 17, 79–80, 105–6, 121 domestic work: gender and, 26–27, 36–38; partial socialization of, 31; during pregnancy , 59–61; in productive sphere, 39; state’s withdrawal from, 15; as unproductive , 28; women’s entrepreneurialism and, 109. See also reproductive labor Dominican Republic, 97, 115 double days of labor, 8, 25–26, 36, 93, 111 dual economy, 4 economies, dual, 4, 15–16 education: boarding schools, 32–33, 73–74; emigration and, 142; escuelas de superación (improvement schools), 96–97; of interview participants, 21; re-education of sex workers, 34; as women’s profession, 39, 109. See also sexual education egalitarianism, 3–4, 24; entrepreneurialism and, 105–6, 141; gender and, 25–26; relationships and, 142–43; remittance economy and, 121–22 elderly: aging of population, 138; care of, 100–102, 103–4; children’s financial support for, 75–76 embargo, 9, 15, 42, 84, 121 emigration. See migration Engels, Friedrich, 11 entrepreneurialism: economic inequality and, 141; gender and, 109, 150n6; opening of, 4, 15–16; in tourist industry, 17; in transportation industry, 105–6 escuelas de superación (improvement schools), 96–97 ethnographies, 5–6 family: children as real family, 75–76; elevation...